COCCIDIOSIS IN CATTLE AND OTHER ANIMALS 571 



a yellowish mucopurulent discharge from the mouth and nose. The 

 liver is very much enlarged, and shows on section densely crowded, 

 grayish-white nodules from the size of a millet seed to a hazelnut, 

 These nodules are surrounded by a capsule, and often contain a smeary 

 mass composed of degenerated liver epithelia, leukocytes, and the 

 pathogenic coccidia. The invasion occurs from the bile-ducts, the 

 epithelial cells of which, while being destroyed in some places, pro- 

 liferate in other places as a result of the inflammatory stimulus. 

 Rabbits which recover from the infection contain the oocysts for a long 

 time in their appendix and their gall-bladder. Cicatrix formation and 

 calcification in the liver are often seen after coccidiosis in rabbits. 



Another coccidium parasitic in the intestines of rabbits has been 

 named Coccidium perforans by Leuckart. 



Coccidiosis in Cattle and Other Animals. There is a disease of cattle 

 known as coccidiosis intestinalis, dysenteria coccidiosa bovum, "Rothe 

 Ruhr der Rinder" (German), "flux de sang" (French), characterized 

 by bloody discharges from the bowels, without fever, but with pro- 

 gressive emaciation in severe cases. The disease occurs particularly 

 among young animals and on marshy pastures. Zschokke, Guillebeau 

 and Hess, and Degoix have shown a coccidium which is 18 to 25 

 micra long, 13 micra wide, in the stools of sick animals and in the 

 gastro-intestinal tract. According to Guillebeau these coccidia form 

 four spores at a temperature of 20 to 30 C., but at 39 C. numerous 

 small round spores of 4 to 7 micra diameter. Young cattle can be 

 infected artificially with these coccidia by feeding them, and after 

 an incubation of three weeks they develop typical attacks of the 

 disease. The coccidia have been found in the intestinal epithelia, 

 particularly in those of the crypts of Lieberkiihn. The gastric 

 mucosa in this coccidial infection shows inflammatory and hemor- 

 rhagic changes. In fatal cases all the organs show the signs of anemia 

 and cachexia. 



Coccidiosis in sheep has been reported by Rivolta, Leuckart, 

 Nocard, Cooper, Curtice, Stiles, McFadyean, and others. The 

 symptoms are similar to those of coccidiosis in cattle; the coccidia 

 are found in the intestinal epithelia, but they have not been found 

 in the feces. 



Coccidium tenellum, claimed to be the cause of white diarrhea in 

 chickens, has been mentioned in Chapter XXIV under the head of 

 Bacterium Pullorum. 



Coccidiosis renalis is the name given to a condition in which 

 after death due to progressive cachexia, coccidia have been found 

 in the kidneys. Ralliet and Lucet have reported such cases in geese, 

 and Paechinger has reported one case in a horse and one in a dog. 



A skin disease of hogs known as hypotrichosis localis cystica, 

 spiradenitis coccidiosa, "Schrotausschlag der Schweine" (German), 

 characterized by a chronic eruption of the skin, is claimed to be due 

 to the Coccidium fuscum of Alt, which invades the epithelia of the 

 sebaceous glands. 



