PROPAGATION OF HARDY TREES 45 



propagated by seeds or layers, though the named 

 garden Lilac is usually grafted on stocks of the 

 common 5. vulgaris, a silly practice. It is a pitiful 

 business keeping down suckers from grafted plants. 

 Ask for Lilacs on their own roots, and much vexa- 

 tion will be saved. A garden should be a place of 

 rest and pleasure, not a hunting-ground for suckers. 

 The other genera are readily raised by cuttings taken 

 at almost any time of the year, or by layering. 



Although the above orders include a considerable 

 number of our best shrubs, several plants must be 

 specially mentioned. The Clematis is increased by 

 seeds, cuttings, or layers in the case of the species, 

 but unfortunately the garden forms are usually 

 grafted on C. Viticella or C. Flammula, whereas many 

 can be propagated by cuttings, and practically all 

 will root when layered. 



In the absence of seeds the following genera must 

 be propagated by layers, viz., Aucuba, Chimonanthus 

 (Winter Sweet), Halesia (Snowdrop tree), Hamamelis 

 (Witch Hazel), Hippophae (Sea Buckthorn), and 

 Myrica (Candleberry Myrtle). Cuttings of the first 

 will root readily enough, but never seem to succeed 

 afterwards. The female form of Hippophae is best 

 raised from layers, as seedlings usually give a 

 large percentage of male plants. Aralia and Rhus 

 (Sumach) are increased by seeds or root-cuttings ; 

 Buddleia japonica is best raised from seeds, and the 

 other Buddleias from cuttings ; and practically all 

 other hardy shrubs that have not been specially 

 mentioned are easily propagated by seeds, cuttings, 



