CONIFERS AND PINES 123 



few varieties are grafted on the type, though the 

 majority will come fairly true from seed, which, 

 however, is not always to be obtained. 



PINUS. Perhaps no Conifer adds so much to the 

 beauty of the landscape in winter as the Pine. All 

 the species should be raised from seeds, and any 

 green or glaucous varieties can also be propagated 

 in the same way if seeds can be obtained. The 

 golden, dwarf, and variegated Pines must be grafted 

 on the species they are varieties of. 



TAXACE^E. This group is usually associated with 

 Coniferae, from which it differs chiefly by the seed 

 being nearly or quite enclosed in a fleshy envelope 

 instead of in a cone, the fruit of some resembling 

 a small Plum, but a typical fruit is seen in that 

 of the Common Yew. The hardy genera are Ginkgo 

 biloba (the Maidenhair tree), which is propagated 

 from seed the plant is deciduous and slow grow- 

 ing ; Cephalotaxus and Torreya are propagated by 

 seeds, cuttings, or layers. 



TAXUS (the Yew). There are only three or four 

 species of Taxus, but there are a great many varieties 

 of the Common Yew, many being very handsome. 

 The species are easily raised from seeds, layers, 

 or cuttings. The first two methods are the best, 

 cuttings being very slow in growth, but as seed 

 is very plentiful in most years this is the quickest 

 and best means of propagation. Some of the 

 varieties will come true from seed ; the Irish Yew, 

 however, must be struck from cuttings, as seedlings 

 never come true. The more highly variegated Yews 



