WINTER AND SUMMER EFFECT 293 



the summer and autumn. Plant 3 feet apart and 

 thin out the old growths annually. R. ulmifolius roseo 

 flore-pleno, also the white form alba(i\\e, double-flowered 

 Blackberry), may be grouped on slopes. The old 

 growths should be cut out annually, and plant 4 feet 

 apart. R. ladniata (American Blackberry) is the best 

 of the fruiting kinds for this purpose ; it produces 

 large crops of valuable fruit every year. Treat in the 

 same way as advised for the above. R. phanicolasius 

 (the Japanese Wineberry). This somewhat new form 

 of Rubus is one of the best plants for this kind of 

 planting. It bears freely, and the fruits are much 

 appreciated by many, and its bright canes during 

 winter produce a most pleasing effect. It is a strong 

 grower when planted in good soil at a distance of 

 5 feet apart. Remove all the old canes during 

 winter. The ordinary garden forms of Raspberry 

 also make fine groups in the unkept parts of the 

 grounds. The old growths should be pruned out 

 each autumn, when the young canes have a warm 

 and pleasing appearance. 



SALIX. Many of the Willows form splendid 

 features during the winter months. Perhaps on 

 a fine winter's day large masses of the highly- 

 coloured barked Willows can hardly be excelled 

 for their beauty and rich colouring, but, of course, 

 are only adapted for water-side planting or low, wet, 

 marshy land. Nothing is more readily propagated 

 from cuttings than these. They should be planted 

 3 feet apart, and the young growths pruned hard 

 to the ground annually the last week in March, for 



