38 



M. Nickerson, St. Helena. Total, 30 acres; all in bearing; soil gravelly; vineyard low 

 lying; crop, 50 tons. 



J. S. Noble, St. Helena. Total, 15 acres; all in bearing; infested by phylloxera, 15 acres, 

 of which 2 acres are good for only one crop more; soil gravelly; vineyard low lying; 

 crop, 25 tons. 



J. Norton, St. Helena. Total, 30 acres; all in bearing; soil loam; vineyard low lying; 

 crop, 50 tons; cooperage, 40,000 gallons, all of which is redwood. 



E. P. Palmer, St. Helena. Total, 40 acres; all in bearing; has a few Lenoir and Riparia 

 vines not grafted; soil loam; vineyard upland; exposure east and south; crop, 85 tons. 



Mr. Palmer has probably more experience with resistants than most any other person 

 in the countv. For several vears he has made a study of different kinds of resistants. 



others, I served as a committee to visit vineyards in this county, where resistants had 

 been planted. We found, in 1890, no evidence where the Lenoir had been destroyed on 

 its own roots; but in 1892, as one of a committee, found a large number of Lenoirs which 

 had been destroyed on their own roots by phylloxera. Lenoir will not thrive on cold, 

 wet soil, and they easily succumb on such soil to the phylloxera, if the insect commences 

 to work in the vineyard. My faith in Lenoir, once strong, is shaken by past experience, 

 and I give first preference to Riparia. I shall not set out any more Lenoir. It is a 

 strange thing, as Judge Stanly said, that Lenoir has proved resistant in some soils and 

 in others non-resistant. The soil evidently has much to do with resistance of Lenoir. 

 This is very evident. The fact that the Lenoir's habitat is on high, drv lands is probably 

 a reason why it does not succeed on the low lands. The Riparia's habitat is more in the 

 low lands. 'Certainly in this county it succeeds better than Lenoir. Those who are 

 enthusiastic regarding Lenoir have had but a limited experience. I have found places 

 in this valley where Lenoir succeeded in adobe soil; but in other places, in like soil, it 

 failed. My observation is that Lenoir is unreliable. In one case we found, as cited 

 above, 4,000 Lenoirs killed by phylloxera, on its own roots. I look upon planting Lenoir 

 as an experiment. The man who plants them is taking chances, and one does not care 

 to do that at this day. Lenoir grows faster on upland " (and yet, H. Hagen, of Xapa, has 

 admirably succeed with Riparias on his upland). "In six years' time Riparia will make 

 good growth and bring good results. Colonel Fry's foreman says in his (Fry's) vine- 

 yard, Lenoir was killed by phylloxera. This is the only place I found where Lenoir 

 had been killed by phylloxera when planted on upland, in dry, gravelly soil. Riparia 

 on this ranch (Colonel Fry's) has proved all that could be desired. I am satisfied one 

 cannot find in this State a case where Riparia has been destroyed by phylloxera when 

 on its own roots; i. e., no graft inserted. The only true way to judge of tlie two (Lenoir 

 and Riparia) is to base that judgment upon cases where they are planted growing on 

 their own roots. Riparias are by far the most reliable. This is my conclusion after 

 long years of observation and critical examination." 



The following extract is from a report Mr. Palmer made to the St. Helena Viticult- 

 ural Association in September, 1892: " In the spring of 1882 Mr. Groezinger set out in 

 his vineyard at Yountville, three blocks of cuttings purchased as Lenoirs. This spring 

 we found about 400 vines sick or diseased from phylloxera. The man who grafted them 

 did not consider Lenoir phylloxera proof. These" Lenoirs were placed in low, clay soil, 

 having not much depth. Mr. Crabb has set out 20 acres of Lenoir this season on dry 

 ground. We condemn the planting of Lenoir in low, wet (clay) soil. While Riparia 

 would not be in its native element in such soil, yet having shown a better adaptation 

 than Lenoir for cold and wet, heavy land, it stands preeminently in the lead as a 

 resistant." 



T. Parrott, St. Helena. Total, 120 acres; in bearing, 100 acres; infested by phylloxera, 3 

 acres, of which 1 acre is good for only one crop more; soil rocky loam; vineyard upland; 

 exposure north and east; all European varieties succumb alike;* crop, 200 tons; cooperage, 

 100,000 gallons, of which 60,000 is oak and 40,000 is redwood. 



" It may be that many vineyardists have paid little attention to the different attacks of 

 phylloxera on different varieties, but the almost invariable answer is: 'I have failed to 

 note anv difference.' Likewise, in case of phylloxera-infected vines, the invariable 

 method lias been to treat in no special way except in very rare instances, and then a few 

 vines only have been experimented with." 



Olive trees are planted among the vines in a portion of this vineyard. 



H. A. Pellet, St. Helena. Total, 45 acres; all in bearing; will replant 3 acres; infested 

 by phylloxera, 10 acres, of which 3 acres are good for only one crop more; soil gravelly; 

 vineyard low Iving; all European varieties succumb alike; crop, 94 tons; cooperage, 60,000 

 gallons, of which 10,000 is oak and 50,000 is redwood. 



Every year some of the vines in this vinevard go by phylloxera, but will replant resist- 

 ants to take their place. Riparia is favored. 



J. Peterson, St. Helena. Total, 36 acres; all in bearing; infested by phylloxera, 10 acres, 

 of which 3 acres are good for only one crop more; soil gravelly; vineyard low lying; 

 Burger has proved the most resistant; crop, 117 tons. 



This vineyard is going fast. 



