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planted none, in fact nor will new vineyards" be planted or old ones 

 be reset, except in a comparatively few instances, this coming winter and 

 spring. As a whole, vineyardists have come to the conclusion that any 

 special treatment is useless and a waste of time. About ten years ago 

 experiments in the matter of curing phylloxera-diseased vines were 

 made in the vineyards of H. Hagen and Mr. Bauer, but they proved of 

 little or no avail. 



Frequently vineyards have gone very suddenly, the phylloxera 

 having, evidently, obtained a strong hold upon the roots and showing 

 very little effect upon the vines until nearly the end. 



Judging from the experience of the past few years, it may be safe to 

 say that within the space of three or four years a very large proportion 

 of the vineyards south of the Calistoga District will have been destroyed. 

 A very large proportion of these will not be replanted, for past experience 

 has proved that it would be folly to set out European vines on their own 

 roots, and very few vineyardists can afford to wait the four or five years 

 required to establish resistant vines, no income being derived from the 

 vineyard in the meantime. I found this to be the prevailing sentiment 

 in all phylloxera-infested localities. 



Besides this there is no encouragement to replant on account of the 

 poor outlook for the wine industry. Prices have ruled low for some 

 years, and are now two or three cents below the figure desired. The 

 cellars are, in many instances, overstocked with wine of the vintages of 

 the present and previous years. Some men are carrying four vintages; 

 a great many one or two. 



The phylloxera, almost invariably, has attacked vineyards in spots. 

 Appearing in the center of a block it spreads in circles of varying 

 diameters, and then will jump a rod or more and appear in the center 

 of another block. Rarely, if ever, does it sweep a direct swath through 

 a vineyard. Some vineyardists are confident that the insect, coming to 

 the surface at certain seasons of the year, flies a short distance. Others 

 think the insect -is carried along by the plow. Invariably the disease 

 spreads in the direction of the prevailing winds, which, throughout 

 Napa Valley, are from south to north, or, more correctly, from the 

 southwest up the valley. Exposure- to the sun has been given in not- 

 ing hill vineyards, but on level lands it has been omitted, as exposure to 

 the sun there is always direct, and the wind usually as stated. 



South of Lodi Station vineyards generally are badly infested with 

 phylloxera, excepting on Spring Mountain. North of Lodi Station, they 

 are almost invariably intact. In no vineyard in the vicinity of Calistoga, 

 so far as could be. seen from extended observation, could I see traces 

 of phylloxera, yet vineyardists in this locality, while rejoicing that 

 their vines are not diseased, will not be surprised if the destructive 

 insect should appear any season. The same may be said of vineyards 

 on Spring Mountain, to the northwest of St. Helena. 



The vintage in this county was from one half to two thirds shorter 

 than usual this year, owing, in a considerable measure, to the ravages of 

 the phylloxera, much to killing frosts in the spring, and quite a little 

 to very hot weather in June. All this, coupled with low prices, has dis- 

 couraged many vineyardists. 



Acting in accordance with your instructions: to pay much attention 

 to the results of the planting of resistant vines, and the success attend- 

 ing their cultivation, I made extensive inquiries in all sections of the 



