38 WATER FOWL. 



CHEN HYPERBOREUS. 



Geographical Distribution. rWestern North America from 

 the Valley of the Mississippi to the Pacific coast, and from 

 Alaska to Southern California. Breeds within the Arctic circle. 



Adult. Primaries, black; their bases and coverts, ashy. En- 

 tire rest of plumage, white. Bill, purplish red; nail, white; 

 space between maxilla and mandible, black. Legs and feet, 

 orange red. Iris, dark brown. Total length, about 25^ inches; 

 wing, 15! ; tarsus, 4; culmen, 2^. 



Young.- -Head, neck, and upper parts, light gray; feathers of 

 back, tertials, and wing coverts, with dark centers, and edged 

 with white. Primaries, black. Rest of plumage, white. 



