28 WILD LIFE OF SCOTLAND 



jungles. The last may be, pretty confidently, looked 

 for amid such favourable surroundings. 



Chiff-chaff', lesser whitethroat, and grasshopper- 

 warbler are reported as far north as the Moray Firth. 



Three forms, the sedge-warbler, the willow- 

 warbler, and the redstart (in so far as the last can 

 be called a warbler), occur throughout Scotland. 

 Certain of these may be more or less localised by 

 their habits, or may be absent from some districts, 

 and dominant in others for no very apparent 

 reason ; but, with these limitations, their distribu- 

 tion is universal. The modest demand, in one case, 

 is simply that a single tree shall break the 

 bareness of the landscape, to yield a branch to 

 sing from, and a wilderness of leaves to search for 

 food. A fourth may, safely, be added to the list of 

 universally distributed species. Scotland's bramble 

 brakes and broomy knowes will yield the white- 

 throat ; its lanes, especially in the neighbourhood of 

 houses, the redstart ; its marshes and stream-sides, 

 the sedge- warbler ; its copses, the willow-wren. 



Whatever northern counties some of our Scots 

 warblers may, or may not pass over, all, with the 

 very doubtful exception of the grasshopper-warbler, 

 reappear on the Shetland Isles. 



Quite as typical migrants, and perhaps more 



