THE WORLD'S ADVANCE 



327 



SOME INTERESTING FACTS 

 ABOUT LARGE SHELLS 



CONCENTRATING FRUIT JUICES 

 BY FREEZING 



One defect of large steel shells is their Scientists of the United States Depart- 

 liability to spontaneous fracture due to ment of Agriculture have recently de- 

 severe internal strains when the steel is veloped a novel process for concentrat- 

 ing fruit juices without boiling 

 or evaporating in the old way. 

 They are ready to hand the proc- 

 ess over to manufacturers for 

 commercial development. The 



The Effect of Modern Shells on Steel Armor Plates: At the Left is an Armor Plate of the Spanish 

 Battleship "Jaime I," Which Was Damaged by Fourteen-lnch Shells. 



cooling. Modern practice in ammuni- 

 tion factories usually forestalls these ac- 

 cidents. 



Interesting results have been secured 

 in the Hadfield plant in England during 

 tests of shells upon armor plate. On one 

 occasion, a 14-inch shell, weighing near- 

 ly 1,700 pounds, perforated a 1 2-inch 

 steel plate at the low velocity of 1,490 

 feet per second. The shell was recov- 

 ered unbroken. Another shot of the 

 same calibre was recovered, unbroken, 

 900 yards in front of the target. It had 

 rebounded. 



The English claim that the capped 

 projectile has a much higher efficiency 

 than the uncapped variety. The cap, it 

 is said, prevents tumbling-. 



products will probably be put on the 

 market this summer. 



Grape juice, or cider, for that matter, 

 is frozen and the ice cracked into pieces 

 the size of walnuts. These are then 

 whirled at high velocity in a centrifugal 

 machine such as is used in separating 

 molasses from sugar crystals in sugar 

 making. The syrupy portion of the grape 

 juice is thrown out of the ice and is col- 

 lected in the receiving chamber of the 

 centrifugal. Practically nothing but 

 frozen water is left behind. The whole 

 separation is based on the fact that when 

 a solution freezes the pure solvent, water 

 in this case, tends to separate in crystals. 

 By removing these crystals the remain- 

 ing solution is concentrated. 



