OZENA.. 175 



turn down, so as to expose the cavity beneath ; and there will be sufficient 

 muscular substance to secure an almost certain union by the first intention. The 

 nostril being opened, the pedicle will probably be displayed, and a ligature may 

 be passed round it, as already recommended ; or if it is not actually in sight, 

 it may probably gradually be brought within reach. 



NASAL GLEET, OR DISCHARGE FROM THE NOSE. 



There is a constant secretion of fluid to lubricate and moisten the membrane 

 that lines the cavity of the nose, and which, under catarrh or cold, is increased in 

 quantity, and altered in appearance and consistence. This will properly belong 

 to the account of catarrh or cold ; but that which is immediately under con- 

 sideration is a continued and oftentimes profuse discharge of thickened mucus, 

 when every symptom of catarrh and fever has passed away. If the horse is at 

 grass, the discharge is almost as green as the food on which he lives ; or if he 

 is stabled, it is white, or straw-coloured, or brown, or even bloody, and some- 

 times purulent. It is either constantly running, or snorted out in masses many 

 times a day ; teasing the horse, and becoming a perfect nuisance hi the stable, 

 and to the rider. This has been known to continue several months, and eventually 

 to destroy the horse. 



If the discharge is not offensive to the smell, nor mixed with purulent matter, 

 it is probably merely an increased and somewhat vitiated secretion from the ca- 

 vities of the nose ; and, all fever having disappeared, will frequently yield to small 

 doses of blue vitriol, given twice in the day. If fever or cough remains, the 

 cough medicine that will hereafter be described must be combined with the 

 tonic. If the discharge is mingled with pus, and very offensive, the vegetable 

 tonics, gentian and ginger, may be added to the copper ; but there is now reason 

 to apprehend that the discharge will not be controlled, and will terminate in 

 glanders. Turning into a salt marsh will occasionally effect a cure, when both 

 the mineral and the vegetable tonics have failed. 



OZENA. 



OZENA is ulceration of the membrane of the nose not always or often 

 visible, but recognised by the discharge of muco-purulent matter, and the pecu- 

 liar fcetor from which the disease derives its name. It resembles glanders in 

 being confined in most instances to one nostril, and the submaxillary gland on 

 the same side being enlarged ; but differs from it, in the gland not being 

 adherent, and the discharge, from its earliest stage, being purulent and stinking. 



There is sometimes a foetid discharge from the nostril in consequence of in- 

 flammation of the lungs, or produced by some of the sequelae of pneumonia ; 

 distinguished, however, from ozena by its usually flowing irregularly, being 

 coughed up in great quantities, more decidedly purulent, and the gland 

 or glands seldom affected. The discharge from ozena is constant, muco- 

 purulent, and attended by enlargement of the glands. It is of immense conse- 

 quence that we should be enabled to distinguish the one from the other ; for 

 while ozena may, sometimes at least, be manageable, the other is too 

 frequently the precursor of death. 



The cause of ozena cannot always be discovered. Chronic inflamma- 

 tion of the membrane may assume another and malignant character. In 

 severe catarrh the membrane may become abraded, and the abrasions may 

 degenerate into foul and foetid ulcers. It is not an unfrequent consequence of 

 epidemic catarrh. It has been produced by caustic applications to the lining 

 membrane of the nose. It has followed haemorrhage, spontaneous, or the con- 

 sequence of injury. 



In some cases, and those as obstinate as any, it cannot perhaps be traced to 



