GLANDERS. 179 



of a dirty livid colour. The membrane of the mouth is strangely pallid. The 

 eye is infiltrated with a yellow fluid; and the discharge from the nose becomes 

 more profuse, and insufferably offensive. The animal presents one mass of 

 putrefaction, and at last dies exhausted. 



The enlargement of the submaxillary glands, as connected with this disease, 

 may, perhaps, require a little farther consideration. A portion of the fluid 

 secreted by the membrane of the nose, and altered in character by the peculiar 

 inflammation there existing, is absorbed ; and, as it is conveyed along the lym - 

 phatics, in order to arrive at the place of its destination, it inflames them, and 

 causes them to enlarge and suppurate. There is, however, a peculiarity accom- 

 panying the inflammation which they take from the absorption of the virus of 

 glanders. They are rarely large, except at first, or hot, or tender ; but they 

 are characterised by a singular hardness, a proximity to the jaw-bone, and, fre- 

 quently, actual adhesion to it. The adhesion is produced by the inflammatory 

 action going forward in the gland, and the effusion of coagulable lymph. This 

 hardness and adhesion accompanying discharge from the nostril, and being on the 

 same side with the nostril whence the discharge proceeds, afford proof not to 

 be controverted that the horse is glandered. Notwithstanding this, however, 

 there are cases in which the glands are neither adherent nor much enlarged, 

 and yet there is constant discharge from one or both nostrils. The veterinary 

 surgeon would have little hesitation in pronouncing them to be cases of glanders. 

 He will trust to the adhesion of the gland, but he will not be misled by its 

 looseness, nor even by its absence altogether. 



Glanders have often been confounded with strangles^ and by those who ought to 

 have known better. Strangles are peculiar to young horses. The early stage 

 resembles common cold, with some degree of fever and sore throat generally 

 with distressing cough, or at least frequent wheezing ; and when the enlarge- 

 ment appears beneath the jaw, it is not a single small gland, but a swelling of the 

 whole of the substance between the jaws, growing harder towards the centre, 

 and, after a while, appearing to contain a fluid, and breaking. In strangles, the 

 membrane of the nose will be intensely red, and the discharge from the nose 

 profuse and purulent, or mixed with matter almost from the first. When 

 the tumour has burst, the fever will abate, and the horse will speedily get 

 well. 



Should the discharge from the nose continue, as it sometimes does, for a 

 considerable time after the horse has recovered from strangles, there is no cause 

 for fear. Simple strangles need never degenerate into glanders. Good keep, 

 and small doses of tonic medicine, will gradually perfect the cure. 



Glanders have been confounded with catarrh or cold ; but the distinction 

 between them is plain enough. Fever, and loss of appetite and sore throat, 

 accompany cold the quidding of the food and gulping of the water are sufficient 

 indications of the latter of these ; the discharge from the nose is profuse, and 

 perhaps purulent ; the glands under the jaw, if swelled, are moveable, there is 

 a thickening around them, and they are tender and hot. With proper treat- 

 ment the fever abates ; the cough disappears; the swellings under the throat 

 subside ; and the discharge from the nose gradually ceases, or, if it remains, it 

 is usually very different from that which characterizes glanders. In glanders, 

 there is seldom cough of any consequence, and generally no cough at all. 



A running from the nose, small in quantity, and, from the smallness of its 

 quantity drying about the edges of the nostril, and presenting some appear- 

 ance of stickiness, will, in a few cases, remain after severe catarrh, and espe- 

 cially after the influenza of spring ; and these have gradually assumed the 

 character of glanders, and more particularly when they have been accompanied 

 by enlarged glands and ulceration in the nose. Here the aid of a judicious 



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