$2 TOXINS AND ANTITOXINS. 



vivo and in vitro, the specific action of emulsin. 

 These studies have been followed by a large number 

 of scientists, particularly by Camus and Gley,* 

 Carnot, Mesnil,| and Charron and Levaditi,{ in the 

 case of trypsin ; and Sachs in the case of animal 

 pepsin. Gessard || obtained a very active anti- 

 tyrosinase, and Mohl an antiurease. 



The most important researches regarding this 

 subject have been published by Morgenroth, Briot,lf 

 and Korschum** on antilab (or antirennet). The 

 researches of these authors have fully demonstrated 

 that there is considerable difference between the 

 various rennets, which had heretofore been con- 

 founded under one head ; thus there is no difference 

 whatever between animal rennet and the rennet 

 extracted by Rosetti ft from Cynara cardunculus 

 (cardoon) so far as their coagulant action on milk 

 is concerned, yet each yields an antibody which 

 is strictly specific to itself. From a scientific point 



* CAMUS and GLEY: Compt. rend, de la Soc. de Biolog., 

 1897. 



f MESNIL: Sur la digestion des actinies. Annales de I'Institut 

 Pasteur, 1901. 



J CHARRIN and LEVADITI: Compt. rend, de VAcadtmie dest 

 Sciences, 1900. 



SACHS: Ueber Antiseptika. Zeitschr. f. Biolog., 1901, xxvi. 



|| GESSARD: Annales de I'Institut Pasteur, 1901, p. 609; Comp. 

 rend, de la Societe de Biologie, May, 1902. 



Tf BRIOT: These de Doctorat es-Sciences, Paris, 1900. 



** KORSCHUM: Zeitschr. f. physiolog. Chemie, 1902, xxxi. 



ft ROSETTI: L'Orosi, giorn. di chemica, jarmacia et scienza 

 affini, 1898. 



