50 NAMES AND PROPOSITIONS. 



of being named ; an enumeration by the summa genera, i.e. 

 the most extensive classes into which things could be distri- 

 buted ; which, therefore, were so many highest Predicates, 

 one or other of which was supposed capable of being affirmed 

 with truth of every nameable thing whatsoever. The follow- 

 ing are the classes into which, according to this school of 

 philosophy, Things in general might be reduced : 



Ovaia, Substantia. 



Tloffbv, Quantitas. 



Hoiov,. Qualitas. 



IIpo rt, Relatio. 



n<uai>, ' Actio. 

 Hdffxetv, Passio. 



Hot', Ubi. 



Hare, Quando. 



Kflo-0ae, Situs. 



Habitus. 



The imperfections of this classification are too obvious to 

 require, and its merits are not sufficient to reward, a minute 

 examination. It is a mere catalogue of the distinctions rudely 

 marked out by the language of familiar life, with little or no 

 attempt to penetrate, by philosophic analysis, to the rationale 

 even of those common distinctions. Such an analysis, how- 

 ever superficially conducted, would have shown the enumera- 

 tion to be both redundant and defective. Some objects are 

 omitted, and others repeated several times under different 

 heads. It is like a division of animals into men, quadrupeds, 

 horses, asses, and ponies. That, for instance, could not be a 

 very comprehensive view of the nature of Eelation which could 

 exclude action, passivity, and local situation from that cate- 

 gory. The same observation applies to the categories Quando 

 (or position in time), and Ubi (or position in space) ; while 

 the distinction between the latter and Situs is merely verbal. 

 The incongruity of erecting into a summum genus the class 

 which forms the tenth category is manifest. On the other 

 hand, the enumeration takes no notice of anything besides 

 substances and attributes. In what category are we to place 

 sensations, or any other feelings and states of mind ; as hope, 

 joy, fear; sound, smell, taste; pain, pleasure; thought, judg- 



