Xll CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER IV. Fallacies of Observation. 



PAGE 



1. Non-observation, and Mai-observation . . . 341 



2. Non-observation of instances, and non-observation of cir- 



cumstances ...... 341 



3. Examples of the former ..... 342 



4. and of the latter . . . . .347 



5. Mai-observation characterized and exemplified . . 352 



CHAPTER V. Fallacies of Generalization. 



1. Character of the class . . 356 



2. Certain kinds of generalization must always be groundless 356 



3. Attempts to resolve phenomena radically different into 



the same ....... 357 



4. Fallacy of mistaking empirical for causal laws . . 359 



5. Post Koc, ergo propter hoc ; and the deductive fallacy cor- 



responding to it . . . . . . 364 



6. Fallacy of False Analogies 366 



7. Function of metaphors in reasoning . . . 373 



8. How fallacies of generalization grow out of bad classification 375 



CHAPTER YI. Fallacies of Ratiocination. 



1. Introductory Kemarks ..... 377 



2 . F allacies in the conversion and aequipollency of propositions 377 



3. Fallacies in the syllogistic process . . . . 379 



4. Fallacy of changing the premises .... 379 



CHAPTER YII. Fallacies of Confusion. 



1. Fallacy of Ambiguous Terms . ... . 384 



2. Fallacy of Petitio Principii . . .396 



3. Fallacy of Ignoratio Elenchi . . .405 



