H4 Contemporary Evolution. 



unprofitably, since in them ' works ' did not accompany 

 * faith/ and belief without charity, as Dr. Newman has so 

 well shown, leads directly to superstition. 



" The Christian mediaeval system culminated in as near 

 an approach to a universal theocracy as was then possible ; 

 but the world was manifestly quite unripe for a more 

 perfectly developed condition, with (as we now know) its 

 far larger area unchristianised, more than half undis- 

 covered, and with a vast mass of latent paganism in the 

 part which was externally Christianised. 



" A great process of differentation and division of labour 

 had necessarily to be gone through. For the perfection 

 of society, philosophy, politics, science, and art, had to 

 become the exclusive occupation of different minds, instead 

 of remaining in the hands of the clergy, whose proper 

 study is theology. These fields of activity could not be 

 adequately cultivated without the devotion of many minds 

 entirely and exclusively to one or other of them. Had 

 Christians, especially those highly placed, been thoroughly 

 imbued with the spirit of their religion, no doubt the ne- 

 cessary transformations might have taken place peacefully 

 and without religious disruption, but the essentially papal 

 character of the Church was not fully recognised, nor was 

 it then experimentally known how by separation from the 

 centre of spiritual life the supply of vital force is there- 

 by necessarily cut off. The pagan principle of State 

 supremacy, once effectually introduced, ran its logical and 



