xii 



CONTENTS 



CHAPTER III. 



THE SKELETON OF THE HEAD AND TRUNK. 



SECT. PAGE 



1. The endo-skeleton . . . 34 



2. Its divisions and subdivisions . 34 



3. The backbone .... 35 



4. The parts of a vertebra . . 35 



5. Vertebral categories ... 36 



6. The dorsal vertebrae . . . 36 



7. The lumbar vertebrae . .39 



8. The cervical vertebrae . . . 40 



9. The axis 43 



10. The atlas 44 



11. The sacrum .... 44 



12. The caudal vertebrae . . . 46 



13. The vertebral series as a whole . 47 



14. The ventral part of the spinal 



skeleton .... 49 



15. The sternum . . . . 49 



16. The ribs 50 



17. The costal cartilages . . . 52 



18. The thorax as a whole . . 52 



19. The ligaments and mobility of 



the spinal column . . . 52 



20. The union of the axis and atlas . 54 



SECT. PAGE 



21. The ligaments and mobility of 



the thorax . . . .55 



22. The skull considered generally . 56 



23. The occipital bone . . . 61 



24. The parietal .... 62 



25. The frontal. . ... 63 



26. The temporal .... 64 



27. The sphenoid . . . . 69 



28. The ethmoid . . ... 71 



29. The maxillo-turbinal . . . 72 



30. The maxilla .... 72 



31. The pre-maxilla . . . . 73 



32. The malar .... 74 



33. The nasal . . . . . 74 



34. The lachrymal . ... 75 



35. The palatine . ... 75 



36. Thevomer .... 76 



37. The mandible . .... 77 



38. Thehyoid .... 77 



39. The skull examined externally, 



internally, and in sections . 78 



40. The ligaments of the skull . 86 



41. The cranial skeleton a a whole . 87 



CHAPTER IV. 



THE SKELETON OF THE LIMBS. 



SECT. PAGE 



1. The appendicular skeleton and 



its divisions, and the bones of 



the pectoral limb ... 89 



2. The scapula and clavicle . . 89 



3. The humerus .... 90 



4. The radius 93 



5. The ulna. . t . . 95 



6. The carpus 96 



7. The metacarpus . . .98 



8. The phalanges . . . . 99 



9. The ligaments of the pectoral limb 100 



10. A general view of the pectoral 



appendicular skeleton . . 102 



11. The bones of the pelvic limb . 103 



12. The os innominatum . . 104 



SECT. PAGE 



13. The femur 107 



14. The patella . . . .109 



15. The tibia no 



16. The fibula . . . .112 



17. The tarsus 113 



18. The metatarsus . . .115 



19. The phalanges . . . . 116 



20. The ligaments of the pelvic 



limb 116 



21. A general view of the pelvic 



appendicular skeleton . . 119 



22. Comparison of the pectoral and 



pelvic parts of the appendicu- 

 lar skeleton. . . .119 



23. The joints 120 



