CHAP, v.] THE CATS MUSCLES. 135 



The scalcni arc entirely on the dorsal side of the axillary vessels 

 and nerves. 



The red us capitis anticus major proceeds from the transverse pro- 

 cesses of all the cervical vertebra? to the basi-occipital. 



The rect-us capitis anticus minor springs from the atlas, on its 

 ventral aspect, and goes to the hasi- occipital. 



The rect-us latcralis proceeds from the transverse process of the 

 atlas to the paroccipital portion of the skull. It is hardly separable 

 from the obliquus capitis superior described below (Fig. 27, 4 ). 



The longus colli occupies the ventral aspect of the cervical and 

 anterior dorsal regions. Its fibres extend between the transverse 

 processes and bodies of the various vertebra over which it passes, 

 with the exception of the axis, and terminate anteriorly on the 

 ventral surface of the atlas. It extends back to the body of the 

 sixth dorsal vertebra. 



The rectus capitis posticus major passes from the neural spine of 

 the axis to the occiput. 



The rectus capitis posticus minor goes from the neural arch to the 

 occiput beneath the muscle last described. 



The obliquus capitis superior extends from the transverse process 

 of the atlas, to the paroccipital region. It is a short muscle. 



The obliquus capitis inferior is very large. It arises from the neural 

 spine of the axis, and is inserted into the transverse process of the atlas. 



The muscle named the splenius is a large one arising from the 

 whole length of the middle line of the neck, and from the anterior 

 dorsal neural spines. It is inserted into the outer part of the 

 lambdoidal ridge. 



The Complcxus is a very large fleshy mass arising from the sides 

 of the last five cervical vertebrae. 



It is inserted into the occipital region beneath the splenius. 



Another muscle, called Complexus tcrtius, consists of a series ^ of 

 fleshy bundles which extend from the zygapophyses of the posterior 

 cervical vertebrae, to the transverse process of the atlas. 



The constrictors of the pharynx are muscles which enclose the 

 alimentary canal in the region of the throat, and form an elongated 

 bag of three successive muscular divisions called respectively the 

 inferior, middle, and superior. They spring respectively from the 

 sides of the larynx, the hyoidean conrna, the pterygoid bones, and 

 the mandible, and meeting in the middle line on the dorsal side of 

 the pharynx, are attached at their summit to the basi-occipital. 



The soft palate is formed in part by the help of two_ pairs of small 

 muscles; (1) the levator palati descends from the sphenoid, petrous and 

 tympanic bones. Its fibres radiating, in part meet those of its fellow of 

 the opposite side, and in part lose themselves in the side of the throat. 

 (2.) The cu'cumflcxus palati arises from the skull externally to the 

 foramen ovale, and externally to the origin of the levator palati. ^ It 

 then descends obliquely, and ends in a flattened tendon which 

 passes inwards round the hamular process of the pterygoid, and 

 expands within the velum palati. 



