CONTENTS. 



and "formal." No ground for believing that formal morality exists in 

 brutes. Evidence that it does exist in savages. Facility with which 

 savages may be misunderstood. Objections as to diversity of customs. 

 Mr. Hntton's review of Mr. Herbert Spencer. Anticipatory character of 

 morals. Sir John Lubbock's explanation. Summary and conclusion. 



Page 211 



CHAPTER X. 

 PANGENES1S. 



A " provisional hypothesis" supplementing " Natural Selection." State- 

 ment of the hypothesis. Difficulty as to multitude of gemmules ; as to 

 certain modes of reproduction ; as to formations without the requisite 

 gemmules. Mr. Lewes and Professor Delpino. Difficulty as to de- 

 velopmental force of gemmules ; as to their spontaneous fission. 

 Pangenesis and Vitalism. Paradoxical reality. Pangenesis scarcely 

 superior to anterior hypotheses. Buffon. Owen. Herbert Spencer. 

 Gemmules as mysterious as "physiological units." Conclusion. 



Page 237 



CHAPTER XL 

 SPECIFIC GENESIS. 



Review of the statements and arguments of preceding chapters. Cumu- 

 lative argument against predominant action of "Natural Selection. "- 

 Whether anything positive as well as negative can be enunciated. 

 Constancy of laws of nature does not necessarily imply constancy of 

 specific evolution. Possible exceptional stability of existing epoch. 

 Probability that an internal cause of change exists. Innate powers 

 somewhere must be accepted. Symbolism of molecular action under 

 vibrating impulses. Professor Owen's statement. Statement of the 

 author's view It avoids the difficulties which oppose "Natural 

 Selectiqn" It harmonizes apparently conflicting conceptions. Sum- 

 mary and conclusion . . . Page 251 



