94 THE GENESIS OF SPECIES. [CHAP. 



or even to widely different groups ; while the restriction 

 and the limitation of such similarity are often not less 

 remarkable. Thus Mr. Wallace says, 1 as to local influence : 

 " Large-r or smaller districts, or even single islands, give a 

 special character to the majority of their Papilionidse. For 

 instance : 1. The species of the Indian region (Sumatra, 

 Java, and Borneo) are almost invariably smaller than the 

 allied species inhabiting Celebes and the Moluccas. 2. The 

 species of New Guinea and Australia are also, though in a 

 less degree, smaller than the nearest species or varieties of 

 the Moluccas. 3. In the Moluccas themselves the species 

 of Amboyna are the largest. 4. The species of Celebes 

 equal or even surpass in size those of Amboyna. 5. The 

 species and varieties of Celebes possess a striking character 

 in the form of the anterior wings, different from that of the 

 allied species and varieties of all the surrounding islands. 



6. Tailed species in India or the Indian region become 

 tailless as they spread eastward through the Archipelago. 



7. In Amboyna and Ceram the females of several species 

 are dull-coloured, while in the adjacent islands they are 

 more brilliant." Again : 2 " In Amboyna and Ceram the 

 female of the large and handsome OrnitJioptera Helena has 

 the large patch on the hind wings constantly of a pale 

 dull ochre or buff colour; while in the scarcely distinguish- 

 able varieties from the adjacent islands of Bouru and 

 New Guinea, it is of a golden yellow, hardly inferior in 

 brilliancy to its colour in the male sex. The female of 

 Ornithoptera Priamits (inhabiting Amboyna and Ceram 

 exclusively) is of a pale, dusky brown tint, while in all the 

 allied species the same sex is nearly black, with contracted 

 white markings. As a third example, the female of Papilio 



f 'Natural Selection," p. 167. 2 Ibid. p. 173. 



