VII.] SPECIES AND SPACE. 169 



The close connexion of South America and Australia is 

 demonstrated (on the Darwinian theory), not only from 

 the marsupial fauna of both, but also from the frogs and 

 toads which respectively inhabit those regions. A truly 

 remarkable similarity and parallelism exist, however, 

 between certain of the same animals inhabiting South- 

 western America and Europe. Thus Dr. Gunther has 

 described 1 a frog from Chile by the name of cacotus, 

 which singularly resembles the European bombiriator. 



Again of th.e salmons, two genera from South America, 

 New Zealand, and Australia, are analogous to European 

 salmons. 



In addition to this may be mentioned a quotation from 

 Professor Dana, given by Mr. Darwin, 2 to the effect that 

 " it is certainly a wonderful fact that New Zealand should 

 have a closer resemblance in its Crustacea to Great Britain, 

 its antipode, than to any other part of the world:" and 

 Mr. Darwin adds, " Sir J. Richardson also speaks of the 

 reappearance on the shores of New Zealand, Tasmania, &c., 

 of northern forms of fish. Dr. Hooker informs me that 

 twenty-five species of algse are common to New Zealand 

 and to Europe, but have not been found in the interme- 

 diate tropical seas." 



Many more examples of the kind could easily be brought 

 forward, but these may suffice. As to the last-mentioned 

 cases, Mr. Darwin explains them by the influence of the 

 glacial epoch, which influence he would extend actually 

 across the equator, 3 and thus account for, amongst other 



1 Proc. Zool. Soc. 1868, p. 482. 



2 "Origin of Species," 5th edition, 1869, p. 454. 



3 Mr. J. J. Murphy, in a very interesting paper read before the Geo- 

 logical Society, June 9th, 1869, advances weighty reasons for believing 

 that "the equatorial regions were never glaciated at all" (p. 355). 



