8 CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER VIII. 



HOMOLOGIES. 



Animals made up of Parts mutually related in Various Ways. What Homology is. 

 Its Various Kinds. Serial Homology. Lateral Homology. Vertical Homology. 

 -Mr. Herbert Spencer's Explanations. An Internal Power necessary, as shown by 

 Facts of Comparative Anatomy. Of Teratology. M. St. Hilaire. Prof. Burt Wild- 

 er. Foot-wings. Facts of Pathology. Mr. .fames Paget Dr. William Budd. 

 The Existence of such an Internal Power of Individual Development diminishes 

 the Improbability of an Analogous Law of Specific Origination. . . p. 169 



CHAPTER IX. 



EVOLUTION AND ETHICS. 



The Origin of Morals an Inquiry not foreign to the Subject of this Book. Modern 

 Utilitarian View as to that Origin. Mr. Darwin's Speculation as to the Origin of 

 the Abhorrence of Incest. Cause assigned by him insufficient. Care of the Aged 

 and Infirm opposed by "Natural Selection;" also Self-abnegation and Asceti- 

 cism. Distinctness of the Ideas " Eight " and " Useful." Mr. John Stuart Mill. 

 Insufficiency of "Natural Selection" to account for the Origin of the Distinction 

 between Duty and Profit Distinction of Moral Acts into "Material" and "For- 

 mal." No Ground for believing that Formal Morality exists in Brutes. Evidence 

 that it does exist in Savages. Facility with which Savages may be misunder- 

 stood. Objections as to Diversity of Customs. Mr. Button's Review of Mr. Her- 

 bert Spencer. Anticipatory Character of Morals. Sir John Lubbock's Explana- 

 tion. Summary and Conclusion . . . . . . p. 202 



CHAPTER X. 



PANGENESIS. 



A Provisional Hypothesis supplementing "Natural Selection." Statement of the Hy- 

 pothesis. Difliculty as to Multitude of Gemmules. As to Certain Modes of Re- 

 production. As to Formations without the Requisite Gemmules. Mr. Lewes and 

 Prof. Delpino. Difficulty as to Developmental Force of Gemmules. As to then- 

 Spontaneous Fission. Pangenesis and Vitalism. Paradoxical Reality. Pangene- 

 sis scarcely superior to Anterior Hypothesis. Buffon. Owen. Herbert Spen- 

 cer." Gemmules " as Mysterious as " Physiological Units." Conclusion . p. 223 



