Introduction. 



TREE planting divides itself naturally into two very distinct 

 sections. One is the utility section, including the planting of 

 timber trees in forest form for the various uses to which large 

 timber is put; the planting of trees in the same form for mine- 

 Props, firewood, fence posts, rails, &c., for which younger and 

 smaller trees are suitable; the planting of narrow shelter-belts, 

 or windbreaks, to prevent damage to crops from strong and cold 

 winds as shelter for stock from the same cold winds; and plant- 

 ing groves in pasture land for both shelter from sun and wind. 



The second section may be called the Ornam&jfal section. In 

 this the idea of utility is abandoned, and the object is to plant 

 trees ,shrubs, climbing plants and perhaps the larger grasses, in 

 such positions and aspects as will beautify the home, or increase 

 the beauty of the landscape picture. 



The species of trees used may be useful, in some instances, for 

 both purposes, but the method of planting will differ greatly. 

 Pine trees, for instance, if intended for timber production, will 

 be planted at a distance apart of four feet or so, the object being 

 to cause the trees to drop their lower branches at an early stage, 

 and thus prevent the formation of an undue number of knots in 

 the cut planks. But if these trees are intended, to be ornamental, 

 the first rule to observe is to give them plenty of room, twenty 

 or thirty feet, or even more with some species, between the plants. 

 The effect desired in this case is to preserve intact all the lower 

 branches, and allow them to sweep down to the grass or gravel. 



When we think of planting trees, then, we must decide whether 

 we want them for ornament and pleasure, or for utilitarian pur- 

 poses. We shall deal, first, with utility trees, and then follow 

 on with ornamental types. 



