LEAD. BERZELIUS. 8 1 



minations made by Berzelius, and published respectively in 

 1826 and 1830. 



The weights are not reduced to vacuum, though Berzelius 

 satisfied himself of the influence of as large a charge as 20 

 grammes of the oxide on the loss in weight. 



The high specific gravity of both the lead and its oxide, 

 made the omission of such reduction insignificant. 



Berzelius' Reductions of Lead Oxide. 



Analytical 

 Year. Oxide. Metal. Ratio. 



1826 8.045 7-467S 0.92 822 



" 14.183 13' 1 65 o-9 2 822 



10.8645 10.084 -9 2 816 



13.1465 12.2045 -9 2 835 



1830 21.9425 20.3695 0.92 831 



" 11-159 IO -359 -9 2 831 



6.6155 6.141 0.92 828 



14.487 13.448 0.92 828 



14.626 13-5775 0.92 831 



This column of analytical ratios, the real expression of 

 the experimental work done, is certainly marvelous. 



The mean of the four oldest determinations is 0.92 824, 

 with a range of 19 in the 5th place, in 1826. 



The mean of the five later determinations is 0.92 830, 

 with a range of 3 only in 1830. 



The mean of all determinations made over seventy years 

 ago, is 0.92 827. 



Now let us see what the atomic ratio for this process is. 



Pb : Pb O =. 207 : 223 = 0.92 825. Change 3 high. 



This atomic ratio is practically identical with the analyt- 

 ical ratios found by Berzelius in and before 1830. 



The mean of the determinations of 1826 is one low in the 

 5th place. 



The mean of the determinations of 1830 i&five high in the 

 5th place. 



The mean of all determinations is two high in the 5th 

 place. 



