146 ABSOLUTE ATOMIC WEIGHT. 



Now, as a matter of fact, Ramsay and Aston found the 

 mean analytical ratio 0.57 930, which we found to be only 



"9 high/' 



in the fifth place, notwithstanding the fact, that the process 

 necessarily gave a trifling value high, due to the action upon 

 even the hardest glass that could be obtained, while the 

 actual individual values fell on both sides of the atomic ratio 

 calculated. 



If we multiply the above given values per unit in the fifth 

 place by this actually observed value " 9 high," we shall 

 obtain, for each element separately, the following possible 

 change in its atomic weight and the corresponding value of 



the latter: 



3 Places. 2 Places. 



Bo 0.0078 low. 10.992 10.99 



Na 0.0220 high. 23.022 23.02 



Cl 0.0091 high. 35-509 35-5 ! 



O 0.0045 low. 15.995 15.995 



In words, we have thus established, that the mean ana- 

 lytical ratio being " 9 high " according to the excellent 

 analytical work of Ramsay and Aston, proves that three of 

 the four atomic weights being exactly identical -with our stand- 

 ard atomic -weights, the fourth ivill be, 



if Boron, at most, o.oi low; 

 if Sodium, at most, 0.02 high; 

 if Chlorine, at most, o.oi high; 

 if Oxygen, at most, 0.005 l w 5 



This shows, for the first time, the full force of our dem- 

 onstration, extended to all the elements involved in any one 

 given chemical process fit for atomic weight demonstrations. 

 I hope that every chemist will readily understand this 

 method of testing, in its broadest sense. 



The general principle is easily stated, and I trust will 

 now readily be understood. 



In the chemical process here considered, we have the 

 change of anhydrous borax, Na2 O? Bo* =. 202 to salt, 2 Na 

 Cl= 117, all atomic weights being taken as their standard 

 values, namely 



Bo = n, Na = 23, Cl 35.5, O = 16; exactly. 



