2 4 2 



= 63.5 COPPER. 



Blue Vitriol = Cu O4 S, 5 Hz O = i.oo ooo 



gives atomic ratios : 

 Loss: H2 O ==0.36072 



" H 2 O-f SO 3=0.68 136 



Cu O4 80.63 928 

 CuO =0.31 864 

 Cu =0.25 451 



1 Richards, 1891, Cu by electrolysis. 4 low, i high, 3 high. 



H2 O heat 5 high, 5 high. 



Detail, True Atomic Weights, 1894; p. 132. 

 Cu : Cu = 63.5 : 79.5 = 0.79 874. Chg. 25 high. 



2 Erdmann and Marchand, 1844: 



3 Det., 878 860; 18. Mean 2 low. 



3 Millon and Commaille, 1863: 



3 Det., 791 770; 21. " 95 low. 



4 Hampe, 1873, 3 Det., 838 831; 7. " 39 low. 



5 Richards, 1891, 2 Det., 820 802; 18. " 63 low. 



Richards (5) is in conflict with (i) ; but Erdmann and 

 Marchand (2) are in concord. 



It is of course, understood that Professor Richards finds 

 quite another value for copper, and how he succeeds in doing 

 so we have shown in our True Atomic Weights, 1894, pp. 

 128-136; also, before that time, in Zeitschrift f. Anorg. 

 Chemie, Bd. v., pp. 293-298; 1893, and in Chemical News, 

 Oct. 6, 1893. 



It is, as in the case of Crookes : The work is there, but 

 tangled up with errors of all kinds ; we have unraveled the 

 tangle and showed the analysts what the results of their 

 work really is. 



Fe=56. IRON. SVANBERG, 1844. 



All necessary data given, pp. 91-95. 



19. FLUORINE. LOUYET, 1849. 



Ca O4 S : Ca Fh = 136 : 78 = 1.74 359. Chg. 446 low. 

 Record to 4 places only : 1.74 36. " 45 low. 



Berzelius, 1826, Fluorite, 3 Det., 1.750. " 64 low. 



