SCALE-INSECTS. 69 



Test of male much narrower than that of the female,, hav- 

 ing an irregularly rectangular edge with deep curvilinear de- 

 pressions. It is glassy, white and shining, flat beneath and 

 elevated above, and marked with numerous horizontal striae. 

 The upper central portion is sometimes flat,, sometimes an 

 irregular mass of the glassy secretion. On the lower side there 

 is often a plate of secretion,, so that the pupa is almost entirely 

 enclosed. 



The adult female fills the test, shrivelling up after gestation : 

 it is consequently flat beneath, convex above, with general out- 

 line of Lecanidinae. The spiracular spines are very long and 

 conspicuous ; from their base a double row of minute circular 

 spinneret orifices runs as far as the spiracle, with two or three 

 outlying ones at the base of the spine ; and a single row of the 

 same kind of orifices runs across the body to the spiracle on the 

 other side. Along the edge of the body there is a series of 

 conical sharp spines ; and scattered all over are many tubular 

 projecting spinnerets. The abdominal cleft is deep, and the two 

 lobes are conspicuous on the dorsal side; these lobes are not 

 smooth, but irregular, and each bears at the end three or four 

 strong spines. The antennae have six joints ; but the third joint 

 often looks like two on account of the false division or depressed 

 ring : the last joint has several long hairs. Feet normal ; the 

 upper digitules fine long hairs, the lower pair very broad. The 

 anal ring bears a number of long hairs, of which eight seem to 

 be conspicuous. The colour of the insect is a golden brown ; 

 diameter averaging -j^-in. 



The second stage of the female is normal of the genus, show- 

 ing the wavy outline, somewhat strongly marked in many speci- 

 mens, but not conspicuous in others. The spiracular spines are 

 prominent, and a row of conical spines runs round the edge of 

 the body, as in the adult. The test is at first very thin and 

 brittle, and with a fringe of broad, shallow segments ; but after- 

 wards becomes thicker, and in the end_, before the change to the 

 final stage, it approaches almost the form of the waxy test of an 

 adult Ceroplastes. 



The young insect is normal. 



The adult male is normal of the genus. The legs are very 

 long and slender; the four digitules are fine hairs. At the 

 extremity of the tibia there is a strong spine. Abdominal spike, 

 or sheath of the penis, slightly curved, with a seta on each side 



