SCALE-INSECTS. 107 



presence of the marginal tufts and spinneret tubes in the female, 

 and in other particulars. The male of 7. sacchari has not been 

 described. The male of /. Purchasi is probably quite distinct. 



This species is supposed to have come originally from Aus- 

 tralia. It has been very injurious to orange and lemon trees at 

 the Cape of Good Hope and in California. In Auckland it has- 

 destroyed whole orchards of the same trees, and in Nelson and 

 Hawke's Bay it is a dreadful pest on all kinds of plants. 



Tree-growers should especially beware of this insect, and 

 the best plan to adopt would be to burn at once any tree found 

 infested with it. 



Genus: CGELOSTOMA, Maskell. 

 N.Z. Trans., Vol. XII., 1889, p. 291. 



Adult females with antennae of eleven joints ; segmented ; 

 naked, active; at gestation becoming stationary and enclosed in 

 a thick mass of white cottony secretion. Anal tubercles absent 

 or inconspicuous. Rostrum and mentum absent in the adult 

 female. 



Males with prominent, facetted eyes ; ocelli absent. Ab- 

 domen without tassels. 



In one New Zealand species the female in the second stage 

 is stationary, enclosed in a thick, hard mass of waxy secretion, 

 of which some account is given in Chap. III. The other 

 species included in this work inhabits a remote and scarcely 

 visited district, and the female has not hitherto been found ; it 

 is not possible therefore to include the excretion of wax and the 

 stationary position amongst the generic characters at present. 



This genus is allied to Porphyrophora, Brandt, and to 

 Monophlebus, Leach ; differing from the former by the presence 

 of an sesophagal orifice, and from the latter by the absence of 

 tassels on the abdomen of the male. In the genus Ortonia > 

 Signoret, the female possesses a rostrum and mentum. 



66. CffiLOSTOMA ZEALANDICUM, Maskell. 



N.Z. Trans., Vol. XII., 1879, p. 294 ; Vol. XIV., 1881, p. 

 226 ; Vol. XVI., 1883, p. 141. 



(Plate XX. ; Plate XXI., Fig. 1.) 



Adult female brick-red, elongated, distinctly segmented, 

 convex ; length about Jin. ; before gestation active, naked or 



