CHAPTER II 



THE GROWTH 

 OF SCIENCE 



Aristotle, Father of Biology. 



Hippocrates, Father of Medicine. 



What changes have taken place in science f What is science f 

 Into what branches may science be divided? What makes up bi- 

 ology f How is biology related to other sciences ? 



Science began when primitive man made an effort to explain 

 certain phenomena that he could not understand. Sickness 

 occasioned much speculation. Not knowing or understanding 

 anything about the various organs of the body, he thought disease 

 must be due to magic. Diseases were supposed to be caused by 

 evil spirits whose wrath had to be appeased or whose favor had to 

 be won. Ancient people burned sacrifices or beat tom-toms to 

 drive away the evil spirits. Some thought that diseases could be 

 transferred from man to animals. An example of this was the 

 belief that a toothache could be cured if the afflicted person stood 

 on the ground under an open sky, and spat in a frog's mouth, 

 asking the frog to take the toothache away. Another remedy sug- 

 gested, was to keep a hot, cooked, dried bean at the right elbow 

 for three days if the tooth ached in the left side of the mouth. 

 The order was reversed if the tooth was on the right side. 



The advances of the Greeks. It was not until the time of Hip- 

 pocrates (born about 460 B.C.) that the Greeks began to attribute 

 disease to natural rather than to supernatural causes. Hippo- 

 crates taught that the body was in good health when the four juices, 



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