CHAPTER XXIX 



REPRODUCTION 



OF HIGHER 



PLANTS 



Insect pollination. Wind pollination. 



How are new plants formed? What is the function of a seed and 

 of the fruit? What are some different types of fruits? 



A flowering plant consists of the nutritive organs, the roots, 

 stems and leaves, and the reproductive organs, which are found 

 in the flower. The reproductive organs in the flower produce 

 specialized cells, gametes, which function in sexual reproduction. 



Problem. Study of the tulip. 



If the tulip is not in season, the gladiolus, sedum, or any perfect flower may 

 be used. (The flower was probably studied in elementary science, so certain 

 facts learned at that time are not emphasized in this exercise.) 



I. Remove the three outer sepals and the three petals found within them. 



A. What is the relation of the position of these parts to the organs found 

 in the center of the flower? 



B. What are the functions of the sepals and petals ? 



II. Locate the organs in the center of the flower. Why are they called 

 essential organs ? 



A. The single enlarged structure found in the center of the flower is the 

 pistil. The upper end comprises the stigma. The lower part of the 

 swollen stalk is the ovary. 



B. The structures with spear-shaped heads arranged around the pistil 

 are the stamens. The heads of the stamens, the anthers, produce the pollen. 

 How does the pollen escape from the anthers ? 



C. Draw a pistil. Label stigma and ovary. Draw a stamen. Label 

 anther and pollen. 



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