520 TAXONOMY 



made from ferns of the past. They have true roots, stems, and 

 leaves, but reproduce like the mosses, by forming spores. The 

 Pteridophyta include three classes : the true ferns, the horsetails 

 (Equisetum), and the lycopods or club mosses. 



IV. Phylum SPERMATOPHYTA (Gr., s^rraa seed). The 

 seed-bearing plants are grouped into two subphyla. The Gym- 

 nospermae (Gr., gymnos naked), or naked-seeded plants, 

 include a small group related to the ferns on one side and the 

 flowering plants on the other. Two classes are found in this sub- 

 phylum: the Cycads, of which the so-called sago palm is an 

 example, and the Conifers or evergreens, as pines, spruces, firs, 

 hemlocks, cypress, and others. The evergreens include the 

 sequoias, the largest and oldest trees. The subphylum Angio- 

 spermae (Gr., angeion case or vessel), or true flowering plants, 

 include the common grasses and grains, flowering trees and shrubs, 

 and flowering plants. It is divided into two sub-classes, Mono- 

 cotyledones and Dicotyledones. 



The classification of animals. 



rp or .i 



Atvnelidler 

 inoclermatar 



The number of species given 

 in the diagram is approximate 

 and not exact. 



Phylum I -PROTOZOA (Gr., profos first; zoon animal). 

 Single-celled animals without true organs, or tissues. Occasionally 



