552 



INDEX 



diphtheria, 451-452, 456 ; preparation 

 of tetanus, 461 ; produced in body, 

 501 ; scarlet fever, 459 ; standardizing, 

 456 ; use of, 501 



Aorta, 153, 159 



Aphids, 271 



Appendicitis, 135 



Appendix, vermiform, 135 



Arachnida, 524 



Archaeopteryx, earliest known bird, 383 



Archiannelida, 523 



Aristotle, classification by, 510 ; Father 

 of Biology, 10 ; idea of evolution, 371 ; 

 work of, 11 



Arterial blood, 144 



Arteries, direction of flow of blood in, 

 154, 156; functions of, 154, 156; 

 hardening of, 168 ; meaning of name, 

 153, 156; regulation of size of, 156; 

 rupture of, 1 68 ; structure of walls of, 

 156 



Arterioles, 159 



Arteriosclerosis, causes of, 168 



Artery, pulmonary, 153 



Arthropoda, classified, 517, 523-524; 

 meaning of, 523 



Artificial selection, importance in animals 

 and plants, 352 



Ascaris, diagram of mitosis of egg of, 61 



Asexual reproduction, by vegetative 

 propagation, 255-263 ; of algae, 247- 

 248 ; of bacteria, 247 ; of hydra, 248, 

 249-250 ; of protozoans, 248 ; of yeast, 

 250^51 



Assimilation, a life process, in amoeba, 

 44 ; in green plants, 39-40 



Asteroidea, 522 



Asthma, cause of, 477 ; treatment of, 

 477 ; vaccination for, 477 



Auricles, of heart. See Heart 



Autonomic nervous system, description, 

 210 ; diagram of, 210 ; functions of, 

 210-211; importance in nervous 

 activities, 221-222; relation to cen- 

 tral nervous system, 210-211 



Aves, animals of class, 526 



Axon, of nerve cell, 86, 87 



Bacilli, form of bacteria, 392 



Bacillus, acidopholus, 140; bulgaricus, 

 140 ; typhoid, 465 



Bacteria, 391-411; action on body, 

 494-495; aerobic, 393; anaerobic, 

 393; beneficial activities, 403-411; 

 cause of pus, 494 ; cause of disease, 494- 

 495 ; carried through lymphatics, 500 ; 

 colony of, 395 ; conditions necessary 

 for growth, 399-400 ; cultures of, 396- 

 397, 398 ; denitrifying, 407 ; destruc- 

 tion of white corpuscles by, 500, 

 504-505 ; effect of temperature on, 



399, 499; forms of, 392-393; func- 

 tions of, 393-395; growth in milk, 

 140; growth of, 398-399; in agri- 

 culture, 405-411 ; in our body, 494- 

 500; in air, 495-496; 475; in dust, 

 473 ; in eyes, 496 ; in food preparation, 

 403-404, 405 ; in industries, 403-404 ; 

 in lymph and lymph nodes, 166-167, 

 500 ; laboratory problem to determine 

 bacterial content of milk, 401 ; labora- 

 tory problem to determine number of 

 bacteria in air, 400-401 ; laboratory 

 problem to show effect of antiseptics 

 on growth of, 401-402 ; media for 

 cultivation, 396-397; methods of 

 entering body, 495-496 ; methods of 

 identifying, 395-396; nitrifying, 406; 

 nitrogen-fixing, 394, 407-409; nutri- 

 tion of, 394 ; occurrence of, 397-399 ; 

 of decay, 406 ; parasitic, 393 ; patho- 

 genic, 394 ; physiological functions of, 

 393-395 ; relation to disease, 494-495 ; 

 saprophytic, 391, 394; soil, 405-411; 

 structure of, 391-393 



Bacterial content, laboratory problem, in 

 air in various places, 400 ; in milk, 401 



Bacteriolysin, antibody, 501 ; function 

 of, 465, 469 



Bacteriology, definition of, 17 



Bacteriophage, 508 



Banting, F. G., work with insulin, 199 



Beach plum, improved, 348-349, 352, 353 



Beetle, potato, effect of environmental 

 conditions on, 341 



Behring. See Von Behring 



Beriberi, cause of, 98-99, 100 ; preven- 

 tion of, 99, 100 



Bile, basis for manufacture of, 161 ; 

 function of, 132 



Binet, Alfred, tests by, 228 



Binet scale, 228 



Binet-Simon Scale, Terman's revision, 

 228 



Binomial system, of classification, 510- 

 511 



Biogenetic law, 388-389 



Biology, affected by work in other 

 sciences, 19 ; divisions of, 17 ; mean- 

 ing of, 15 ; of to-morrow, 1-9 ; pur- 

 pose of, 6-7 ; relation to chemistry, 16 ; 

 relation to health, 7-8 ; relation to 

 other sciences, 16 ; relation to physics, 

 15-16 ; relation to vocations, 8-9 



Birds, egg-laying of, 299 ; food of, 299 ; 

 nest-building of, 298 ; infancy among, 

 298-299 ; reproduction of, 288-289 



Bishop, on vitamin E, 103-104 



Blackberry, production of white, 347- 

 348, 349 



Bladder, urinary, function of, 175-176 ; 

 structure of, 175 



