INDEX 



561 



Morphological evidences, of evolution, in 

 structure of animals, 387-388 



Morphology, meaning of, 17 



Morula, 285 



" Mother of vinegar," 391 



Mouth, of man, 120-121 ; structure of, 

 120; use of, in digestion, 120-121 



Mucous, lining of nasal passages, func- 

 tion of, 178 



Muscle tissue, 85-86; cardiac, 85; 

 cross-striated, 85 ; function of, 85-86 ; 

 structure of, 83-85 ; unstriated, 85 



Muscle, laboratory problems on struc- 

 ture of skeletal, 83-84 ; laboratory 

 problem on structure of smooth or in- 

 voluntary, 84 



Muscles, antagonistic, 86 



Muscular action, antagonistic, 85-86 



Mutants, causes of, 377; examples of 

 occurrence, 337-339 ; importance in 

 breeding, 353-354 ; meaning of, 337 



Mutation theory, of evolution, 376 ; and 

 natural selection, 377 



Mycelium, in mold, 251 



Myriapoda, 524 



Myxedema, 194 



Narcissus, laboratory study of epider- 

 mis of leaf of, 30-31 



Nasal passages, removal of dust by, 178 ; 

 warming and moistening air by, 178 



Natural immunity, meaning of, 506 ; of 

 races and individuals, 507 



Natural selection, 373-375; and muta- 

 tion theory, 377 ; Darwin's theory of, 

 373-376 ; objections to theory of, 376 



Navel orange, development of, 349 



Needham, experiments to prove spon- 

 taneous generation, 241 



Negri bodies, in rabies, 433, 435 



Nemathelminthes, 522 



Nerve centers, 208 



Nerve tissue, in man, 86 ; unit of struc- 

 ture, 86-87 ; work of, 86 



Nerves, function of, 208-209 ; motor, 210 ; 

 pathway of, 209-211 ; sensory, 209 



Nervous reactions, importance of, 223 ; 

 kinds of, 215, 216-221 ; laboratory 

 study of, 225 ; nature of, 216-217 



Nervous system, 202-214; autonomic 

 portion of, 210-211 ; cellular structure 

 of, 208210 ; cerebro-spinal or central 

 portion of, 205-210 ; effect of tobacco, 

 236-237 ; effect of alcohol, 237 ; main 

 subdivision of, 205 ; principle of 

 operation of, 205 ; structure of, 208- 

 210 ; studies of, man and other verte- 

 brates, 211-212 ; the methods of study- 

 ing, 212-213 



Neuron, associative, 209 ; description of, 

 208 ; diagram of, 209 



Nicolaier, discovery of tetanus bacillus, 



460 



Nitrification, process of, in soil, 406-407 

 Nitrogen, cycle, 406, 410 ; fixed by 



bacteria, 406, 407-409 

 Nitrogen, fixation, 407-409 

 Nodes. See Lymph nodes 

 Nodules, use of root, to soil, 408 

 Noguchi, Hidego, 2-3 ; work on yellow 



fever, 491, 492 

 Nostrils, 178 

 Nuclei, polar, 276, 277, 278; sperm, 



275 



Nucleoplasm, structures found in, 57 

 Nucleus, of cell, 27-28 ; endosperm, 278 ; 



egg, 277 ; generative, 275 ; tube, 275 ; 



work of, 57-58 

 Nutrients, food, 91-104 ; definition of, 



91-92 ; table of, 94 

 Nutrition, of Paramecium, 48-49 

 Nutritive processes in organisms, pur- 

 pose of, 34 



Objections, to vaccination, 423, 427 



Offspring, cause of differences among, 

 315 ; character of, 306-317 



Oil glands, 173 



Onion cells, laboratory study of, 25-26 



Ontogeny, history of individual, 388- 

 389 



Onychophora, 523 



Oogenesis, meaning of, 270 



Ophiuroidea, 522 



Opsonins, effect on bacteria, 500, 502 ; 

 test for amount of, 502 



Orange, navel, 349 



Organ, definition of, 73 



Organic evolution, 371-389 ; Darwinian 

 theory . of, 373-376 ; embryological 

 evidences of, 388-389; de Vries' 

 theory of, 376-377; factors in, 371; 

 geographical evidences, 385-386 ; ge- 

 ological evidences, 381-384 ; history 

 of, 371 ; Lamarckian theory of, 371- 

 373 ; morphological evidences of, 386- 

 387 ; vestigial evidences of, 387-388 



Organism, offspring of simple, 292-293 



Organisms, heredity in, 333 ; purpose of 

 life processes in, 34 



Organs/ of digestion, 118-119; 125-135 



Origin of Species, by Darwin, 373 



Osmosis, in absorption of food, 136, 137 ; 

 in root hair, 69 ; in photosynthesis, 

 meaning of, 34 ; process of, 34-35 



Osterhout, on heredity, 55 



Ova, of frog, 283 



Overproduction, of species, 373 



Ovules, in flower, 274, 276-277, 279 



Oxygen, a chemical element, test for, 

 16 ; importance to life, 241-242 



Oxyhaemoglobin, 147 



