ADVANCEMENT OF LEARNING 127 



the organ ; but in man it is itself an organ of the rational soul, 

 and may rather be called by the name spirit than soul. 



The faculties of the soul are well known ; viz., the understand- 

 ing, reason, imagination, memory, appetite, will, and all those 

 wherewith logic and ethics are concerned. In the doctrine of 

 the soul the origin of these faculties must be physically treated, 

 as they may be innate and adhering to the soul, but their uses 

 and objects are referred to other arts ; and in this part nothing 

 extraordinary has hitherto appeared, though we do not indeed 

 report it as wanting. This part of the faculties of the soul has 

 also two appendages, which, as they have yet been handled, 

 rather present us with smoke than any clear flame of truth 

 one being the doctrine of natural divination, the other of fascina- 

 tion. 



Divination has been anciently and properly divided into arti- 

 ficial and natural. The artificial draws its predictions by 

 reasoning from the indication of signs ; but the natural predicts 

 from the internal foresight of the mind, without the assistance 

 of signs. Artificial divination is of two kinds one arguing 

 from causes, the other only from experiments conducted by 

 blind authority. The latter is generally superstitious. Such 

 were the heathen doctrines about the inspection of entrails, the 

 flight of birds, etc. ; and the formal astrology of the Chaldeans 

 was little better. Both kinds of artificial divination spread 

 themselves into various sciences. The astrologer has his pre- 

 dictions from the aspects of the stars ; the physician, too, has his, 

 as to death, recovery, and the subsequent symptoms of diseases, 

 from the urine, pulse, aspect of the patient, etc. ; the politician, 

 also, is not without his predictions " O urbem venalem, et cito 

 perituram si emptorem invenerit ! " b the event of which 

 prophecy happened soon after, and was first accomplished in 

 Sylla and again in Caesar. But the predictions of this kind be- 

 ing not to our present purpose, we refer them to their proper 

 arts, and shall here only treat of natural divination, proceeding 

 from the internal power of the soul. 



This also is of two kinds the one native, the other by influx. 

 The native rests upon this supposition, that the mind abstracted 

 or collected in itself, and not diffused in the organs of the body, 

 has from the natural power of its own essence some foreknowl- 

 edge of future things ; and this appears chiefly in sleep, ecstasies, 

 and the near approach of death ; but more rarely in waking, or 



