ADVANCEMENT OF LEARNING 205 



speech, which may serve indifferently for all subjects ; such as 

 prefaces, conclusions, digressions, transitions, etc. For as in 

 building, a good distribution of the frontispiece, staircases, 

 doors, windows, entries, passages, and the like, is not only 

 agreeable but useful ; so in speeches, if the accessories or under- 

 parts be decently and skilfully contrived and placed, they are of 

 great ornament and service to the whole structure of the dis- 

 course. Of these forms, we will just propose one example or 

 two ; for though they are matters of no small use, yet because 

 here we add nothing of our own, and only take naked forms 

 from Demosthenes, Cicero, or other select authors, they may 

 seem of too trivial a nature to spend time therein. 



Examples of Lesser Forms 



A CONCLUSION IN THE DELIBERATIVE 



So the past fault may be at once amended, and future incon- 

 venience- prevented. 



COROLLARY OF AN EXACT DIVISION 



That all may see I would conceal nothing by silence, nor cloud 

 anything by words. 



A TRANSITION, WITH A CAVEAT 



But let us leave the subject for the present, still reserving to 

 ourselves the liberty of a retrospection. 



A PREPOSSESSION AGAINST AN INVETERATE OPINION 



/ will let you understand to the full what sprung from the 

 thing itself, what error has tacked to it, and ivhat envy has 

 raised upon it. 



And these few examples may serve to show our meaning as 

 to the lesser forms of speech. 



CHAPTER IV 



Two General Appendices to Tradition, viz., the Arts of Teaching and 



Criticism 



There remain two general appendages to the doctrine of de- 

 livery ; the one relating to criticism, the other to school-learn- 

 ing. For as the principal part of traditive prudence turns upon 

 the writing; so its relative turns upon the reading of books. 



