382 AGRICULTURAL BACTERIOLOGY. 



It occurs in an acute form and in the chronic form ; the latter, 

 chiefly in the skin, receiving the name of farcy, the former, 

 chiefly in the lungs and nasal passages, more commonly known 

 as glanders. It occurs spontaneously only in horses and asses, 

 and causes great losses in nearly all localities. It may occur 

 by accidental or artificial infection in many other animals. It 

 occurs occasionally in men who have become accidentally in- 

 oculated in the treatment of horses suffering from the disease, 

 and when it does occur in man it is an extremely fatal disease, 

 almost always resulting in death. 



The bacillus which produces the disease is well known, and 

 named B. mallei. It is a short stationary rod which lends 

 itself readily to bacteriological experiments. It is found to be 

 capable of producing the disease in cats, dogs, rats, field mice, 

 and quite a variety of animals. It is only slightly pathogenic 

 for the sheep and the mice. The pig and the cow seem to be 

 immune from its action. 



Symptomatic Anthrax. Black-leg. Quarter -evil. Rausch- 

 brand. (B. anthracis symptomatici.) This disease, with its 

 variety of names, is extremely common in Europe. It has 

 been rare in the United States, but in recent years is becoming 

 more abundant, being found as an epidemic in certain herds. 

 It is a disease that occurs chiefly among cattle, and is character- 

 ized by certain irregular swellings in the subcutaneous tissues 

 and muscles. The swellings are seen especially over the 

 quarters of the animal, and hence the name quarter-evil. The 

 muscles become dark colored, and bloody (hence the name 

 black-leg), and contain large numbers of the bacilli known to 

 cause the disease. It is the cause of considerable trouble to 

 raisers of cattle, being almost universally fatal, although it is 

 not a disease that can be regarded as extremely abundant. 



The organism which produces the disease is well known and 

 is named B. anthracis symptomatici. It is pathogenic for a 

 large number of animals when artificially inoculated. Swine, 



