OTHER BACTERIAL DISEASES. 385 



toms. This Streptococcus, for example, is the common cause 

 of mastitis and garget, and some of the other well-known in- 

 fections of cattle. It does not fall within the purpose of this 

 work to consider these to any extent. 



There is another class of diseases found among cattle pro- 

 duced by microorganisms belonging to the higher bacteria 

 (see p. 28). One genus of these higher bacteria, Actinomyces, 

 occurs very commonly, not only in cattle, but in a variety of 

 animals, causing inflammation with the appearance of tumors, 

 which may eventually break down into a suppurating form. 

 In cattle this bacterium most commonly finds its entrance 

 through the mouth, and one of its most common locations is 

 in the lower jaw, when it produces a disease called lumpy jaw. 

 It is not uncommon on the roof of the mouth when it is known 

 as malignant tumor. It frequently attacks the tongue, produc- 

 ing the so-called wooden tongue. It is most common in cattle 

 and swine, though it may be given to other animals by arti- 

 ficial inoculation. It is known also to occur in man, though 

 not very frequently. It commonly finds its entrance into the 

 body through cuts and bruises in the skin. The diseases pro- 

 duced by these microorganisms are not uncommon, and cause 

 considerable trouble and loss to the breeders of domestic 

 animals. 



Foulbrood of Bees. The only other bacterial disease of 

 animals which we need mention is that quite common in bee- 

 hives, known as foulbrood. This is a disease which attacks 

 the larvae while still in their cells, causing them to become 

 sickly, eventually killing them and producing a decomposition 

 of the body of the animal. The hive becomes vile-smelling 

 from the decomposition products, and the whole economy of 

 the hive is interrupted. The bees fail to collect and preserve 

 honey, and the hive is totally ruined for the purpose of honey- 

 making. It is a disease which is extremely widely distributed, 

 being found all over Europe, in America, in Cuba, in Africa 



