40 Agricultural Bacteriology. 



the milk. Foot and mouth disease, a common disease 

 of cattle in Germany and France, is often so acquired. 

 Lumpy jaw or actinomycosis may affect the udder and 

 the organisms be given off in the milk. Inflammation 

 of the udder or garget, especially contagious garget, is 

 caused by bacteria that may produce throat and intesti- 

 nal troubles in man. The milk of any animal which 

 shows any fever in the udder or whose milk is any way 

 abnormal should be kept from the general supply. It 

 may not be harmful, but it is the secretion of a diseased 

 gland and should not be used as human food. The 

 milk of cows having chronic diarrhea, inflammation of 

 the bowels, or that have not cleaned well after calving 

 should be rejected. In short the milk of any animal 

 that is sick or that is receiving medicine should not be 

 used for human food. 



Typhoid fever and diphtheria. Typhoid fever is an 

 intestinal disease of human beings. The bacteria are 

 taken into the alimentary tract with food or drink that 

 has been contaminated in some way. The organisms 

 are given off from the body of the patient in the feces 

 and urine. These materials find their way into the 

 sewage which is so frequently discharged into rivers 

 and lakes that .also serve as sources of water supply. 

 When privies are used as in the country, the typhoid 

 bacteria may reach the farm well by means of the 

 water percolating from the privy vault through the 

 ground into the well. If such contaminated waters 

 are used to wash milk utensils, the milk may be con- 

 taminated with the typhoid fever germs. Milk uten- 

 sils are frequently rinsed with cold water just previous 

 to using. Some of the bacteria are certain to enter the 

 milk if the water is polluted. 



