Relation of Bacteria to Market Milk. 83 



he consumes is handled if he desires to do so. The ap- 

 pearance of the wagon and the delivery man is certain to 

 mirror quite accurately the condition on the farm with 

 reference to cleanliness. With milk purchased from a 

 dealer, with the farm many miles away, the consumer 

 cannot, even if he wishes to do so, determine the condi- 

 tions at the point of production. The city has had to 

 step in and see that its people are receiving clean and 

 healthful milk. 



City regulations. Each city has met the problem in 

 its own way. The city health department establishes 

 rules to which every farmer must conform if he wishes 

 to sell milk in the city. In order to determine whether 

 the producer does meet the conditions imposed, the farms 

 are inspected by a representative of the health depart- 

 ment. Certain standards are established and the farm 

 inspection is supplemented by tests made in the labora- 

 tory. The city often demands that the milk shall not 

 contain more than a certain number of bacteria (for ex- 

 ample 500,000 or 1,000,000 per cubic centimeter) and 

 milk containing a greater number is looked upon as un- 

 lawful milk. The milk of the farmer who does not con- 

 form to the rules is returned to him or is confiscated by 

 the -city.. 



Certified milk. Some cities allow various grades of 

 milk to be sold and prescribe the methods that shall be 

 used in the production of them. One grade of milk to 

 which a great deal of attention has been attracted in the 

 last few years is that known as certified milk. Physi- 

 cians are desirous of having a supply that they can rec- 

 ommend for the feeding of children. The medical socie- 

 ties have appointed a commission which draws up regu- 



