CH. II] AGRICULTURAL POLICY 201 



Javanese, in an eastern country ; one for estates, one for 

 negroes, one for coolies, in a western. Of course existing 

 density of population is largely the determining factor 

 in the application of this rule. 



Encourage the local people to earn money by working on 

 the estates owned by capitalists. 



Encourage the use of machinery to reduce the demand for 

 hand labour, and to make work more cheap and efficient. 



Arrange matters of finance, i.e. money-lending, seed or 

 manure supply, etc., for the poorer cultivators. 



Encourage the peasantry in growing "export" crops, i.e. 

 crops for sale. Whether they are sold or used inside 

 or outside the country does not matter, provided that 

 it has some export trade, but the peasant cannot buy 

 unless he sells, and he now requires to buy from other 

 countries. 



Open markets for these export crops, e.g. local markets, or 

 markets at estate factories (by subsidy if necessary), or 

 arrange for cooperative sale at a distance, in larger 

 markets than exist at the villager's door. 



Arrange education at local schools to have more bearing 

 upon agriculture. For the younger children open school 

 gardens with nature study lessons; for older children 

 tinge these lessons more and more with agriculture, 

 chiefly general points, such as rotation of crops, etc. 

 For boys of 1 6 or over start regular agricultural colleges, 

 with plenty of outdoor practical work. 



Arrange for local shows and other stimuli to progress. If 

 the country be a little advanced, start local agricultural 

 societies wherever possible. 



Introduce legislation for dealing with the treatment of out- 

 breaks of disease among cultivated crops. 



Open a department of agriculture to attend to technical 

 matters of progress, and make its head the chief adviser 

 of Government upon agricultural affairs. The department 

 should more specially attend to introduction of new and 

 better kinds of plants, breeding of improved local races, 

 the attacks of disease, experiments with cultivated crops, 



