222 



Kansas State Board of Agriculture. 



THE DETAILS OF TILING. 



From now on I will try to handle this subject as though I were on 

 your place trying to help solve a drainage proposition interesting you. 

 We will go out and look the ground over. We will set up our level, and, 

 if you need it, I will instruct you in the use of the rod. We will then 

 take a reading where we want our outlet, and set it down in our note- 

 book. Then you will start to where you want the upper end of your 

 ditch, following the general course that you want the ditch to take. You 

 will take various readings as you go along, and set them down in the 

 notebook, till you get to where you expect to finish your ditch. Now 

 we have an idea of the general fall of the surface where your intended 

 ditch is to be. If that is great enough say 3 inches to 100 feet we 



FIG. 197. The main tile should be sufficiently large. [Courtesy Ohio Farmer.] 



will give the tile the same fall as the surface. If the surface is flat we 

 must put the fall in the bottom of the ditch that is, dig our outlet deep 

 enough so that the tile at the upper end of the ditch, being at least 30 

 to 36 inches in the ground, will have fall enough at least 2 or 3 inches 

 to each 100 feet. 



Now we will drive our stakes, placing the first one at the outlet. From 

 it step off 11 steps, or about 2 rods, and drive another stake; 11 steps 

 more and another stake, and so on until you have reached the other end. 

 We will suppose it is 30 rods away, and as we have 2 rods between stakes 

 we will call it 15 "stations." Now suppose we give the ditch 1 inch fall, 

 to the "station," which is about 3 inches to 100 feet. Cut a notch on the 

 stake at your outlet, about 12 inches from the ground. Rest the lower- 

 end of your rod on your knife blade sticking in the notch, and adjust the 

 target to my level, as I shall instruct you. Get your reading, slide your 

 target down one inch and clamp it. Move to the next stake, place the 



