Alfalfa in Kansas. 379 



that accumulate in the pan must be removed from time to time and more 

 oil and water added. On smooth, level ground old wagon tires will make 

 good runners, and let the pan run close to the surface, where it will do 

 the most effective work. 



Where large areas are to be gone over with the dozer, two sleds 

 should be constructed, each long enough to hold one of the pans. Place 

 these sleds end to end with an 8 ft. "2 by 4" between the runners of 

 the ends that come together. With half -inch bolts fasten the two run- 

 ners loosely together through the middle "2 by 4," leaving the latter 

 projecting behind as far as it may. Run a heavy wire through a hole in 

 the rear end of the "2 by 4" and fasten each of the ends to the outer 

 back corner of each dozer. This gives a machine about 32 feet in length 

 that is flexible in the middle, so that it may be drawn over rolling land 

 by a team hitched to each end. The hitch should be to the end of a 10 

 ft. "2 by 4," which extends from the middle runner of each sled and 

 projects at its outer end. This makes the pull in front of the pans, and 

 it will be almost impossible to upset the machine. 



Any grade of kerosene may be used in a hopperdozer. Since some of 

 the oil is removed by every grasshopper that gets into it it will be nec- 

 essary to add fresh quantities at intervals. In case the oil and water is 

 slopping out, which it will do on rough or uneven ground, burlap or 

 gunny-sack cloth should be placed in the pans. 



The first cost of the hopperdozer, made according to the above di- 

 rections, should not be more than $8, and should be operated at a cost 

 not to exceed 20 cents an acre. 



Poultry and Young Hogs. In many cases where grasshoppers have 

 been numerous, poultry and hogs have been very effective in destroying 

 them. Not only are instances of this kind often reported to us, but 

 observations and experiments show that where barnyard fowls and 

 young hogs can be let run on an infested field they furnish one of the 

 surest and most effective means of destroying the grasshoppers. Poultry 

 and hogs are fond of the 'hoppers and pursue them eagerly. Except in 

 gardens, poultry can be used almost anywhere, and if they are placed 

 where they can begin on the young 'hoppers as soon as they are large 

 enough to attract the attention of the fowls, a small flock will destroy 

 all that can be found on a surprisingly large area, and will keep their 

 number down throughout the summer. 



Hogs can be let run on alfalfa, weed patches, and pasture lands 

 where the grasshoppers are numerous. A bunch of young shoats will 

 protect a considerable area. 



To make a successful fight against grasshoppers too much emphasis 

 can not be laid upon the necessity of beginning promptly, as soon as the 

 insects are present in sufficient numbers to threaten the crops, and con- 

 tinuing it vigorously so long as the grasshoppers are present. 



ARMY WORM. 



(Leucania unipuncta Haw.) 



Plump, greenish-black to dark gray caterpillars; when full grown from 

 one and one-half to two inches long, having three stripes along 

 each side the middle one dark and other two light and a narrow 



