198 INDEX 



PAGES 



Oil : demand formerly limited ; its uses ; making soap, 

 candles, etc. ; not used for food, 139 ; discovery of process 

 for deodorisation and purification by French engineers ; 

 oil utilised for food products ; primitive systems of 

 extraction ; Ceylon chekku ; native oil mill ; its system 

 of working ; yield of copra and oil, 140, 141 ; wasteful 

 systems in Philippines, 141 ; introduction of splendid 

 modern oil mills Malabar, Ceylon and other centres, 

 142 ; description of processes of decorticating, rasping, 

 hydraulic crushing, steam boiling and nitrating machines ; 

 disintegrating machines, 150 ; warm v. cold oil ; the latter 

 invariably used for edible purposes ; oil residue as cattle 

 food cake, 143 ; obtaining colourless oil for special 

 purposes ; system in Malabar ; oil so white that it is in- 

 distinguishable from water ; liquid and solid oil, according 

 to temperature ; oil in East for cooking ; kerosene 

 slowly displacing coconut oil as an illuminant in East and 

 Far East, 144; market prices 145 



Oil : growing demand in China, 5 ; substitute for soya bean 

 oil ; why Chinese prefer coconut oil, 6 ; its uses, 16 ; 

 as substitute for cod liver oil, 17 ; history of oil industry 

 in Ceylon ; first cargo to England ; first oil mills in 

 Ceylon ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 33 



Oryctes rhinoceros 112 



Panama ; favourable conditions, 50 ; San Bias nuts ; excep- 

 tional quality ; high prices ; big profits, 51 ; influence of 

 Panama Canal ; land increasing in value ; activity of 

 British and American financiers ... ... ... ... 51 



Panama ; disadvantages for British coconut planters 27 



Papua ; advantages for coconut planting, 27 ; vast area of 

 suitable land ; natives' immense properties ; cost of an 

 estate, 44 ; details of industry ; prolific trees ; traders' 

 profits ; outside hurricane zone ; rich soil ; a future 

 prolific export of coconuts, 45 ; land and labour cheap 46 



Period of production ; a varying factor, . . ... ... ... 75 



Pestalozzia palmarum 100 



