556 THE AMERICAN BOOK OF THE DOG. 



a graceful curve into their lower edge, and are slightly over- 

 hanging. The lips of the lower jaw must not be pendent. 

 Teeth, in proportion to the size of the head, only moderately 

 large. 



Nose. Very substantial and broad, with well-dilated 

 nostrils, and, like the lips, always black. 



Ears. Medium-sized, with the burr strongly developed, 

 which causes them to stand away slightly at the base, and 

 bending suddenly they drop without any curl close to the 

 side of the head. The flaps are not too leathery, and form 

 rounded triangles slightly elongated toward the points. 

 The front edge ought to be close to the head, but the back 

 edge may stand away a little, particularly when the dog is 

 in attention. Ears with weak burr, causing them to lie 

 close to the head from their roots, give it an oval shape, 

 which imparts too much softness to the outline, whereas 

 strongly developed ear-muscles make the skull appear more 

 angular and wider, thus giving the head more character. 



Eyes. Set more to the front than to the sides; are of 

 moderate size, brown or nut-brown, with an intelligent and 

 friendly expression; set moderately deep. The lower eye- 

 lids do not, as a rule, fit close to the eyeballs, and form 

 toward the inner corner an angular wrinkle. Eyelids which 

 are too pendent, with conspicuously protruding lachrymal 

 glands, or a very red haw, are objectionable. 



Neck. Set on high, and carried upright when the ani- 

 mal is animated, otherwise horizontal or slightly down- 

 ward. The junction between head and neck is distinctly 

 indicated. The neck is very muscular, and rounded at the 

 sides, giving it an appearance of shortness. Clearly notice- 

 able dewlaps, but a too great development not desirable. 



Shoulders. Sloping and broad, very muscular and pow- 

 erful. The part of the body answering to the withers in 

 the horse, well developed. 



Chest. Well arched, moderately deep, not reaching be- 

 low the elbows. 



Back. Very broad, and only slightly arched over the 

 loins, otherwise straight to the hip; and from the hip, 



