XXI. Do varieties of Carnations deteriorate and die? Continuing 

 life by cuttings a natural and virile method. As preserva- 

 ative as reproduction by seed. no 



XXII. Life lives in cells. Conception is by fission of cells. Origin 

 of bud variations or "Sports." Bi-sexual life in Carna- 

 tions. In all Monoecious class of plants. - 1 13 



XXIII. Geographical Botany of the commercial Dianthus. Its type in 



Germany, France, England, California, on the isotherm 



of 50 mean temperature. - 1 18 



XXIV. Carnations the product of adaptation by selection. Survival 



of the fittest. Origin of varieties. Basis of species. 

 Foundation of genera. Essence of orders. - . - 122 



XXV. Map of the zone of the semperflorens Carnation. Isothermal 



lines. Climatic conditions. Every type of species confined 



to its own isotherm. Carnations 50 mean heat. - 126 



XXVI. Map of 50 isotherm normal climate for Carnations. List of 

 the best Carnations since the birth of Astoria. Names, 

 colors, originators, place of their birth. 131 



XXVII New species of Carnation. Distinctive features of Dianthus 

 Superba, and Dianthus Semperflorens. They require 

 different cultural treatment. - 137 



XXVIII Carnation brevities. Multum in parvo. 144 



XXIX Popular Carnation Culture. Carnations in every cottage. 

 How amateurs can grow them for lawn adornment. Table 

 decorations and boutonnieres. - 165 



XXX Bpilogue. Evolution of the five-petaled pink. - 171 



