CHAPTER VIII. 



HAND IMPLEMENTS USED BY FRUIT GROWERS, 



THE more common tools needed are the shovel, the spade 

 the fork, and the hoe, for digging holes, transplanting, and cul- 

 tivating the ground. The fork and rake are useful in mixing 

 manures with the soil for fillfhg the remote parts of large 

 holes. 



The pruning-knife is a large, usually hooked knife, for re- 

 moving useless branches. Common styles are shown in Fig 

 159. The middle one is mostly used. 



Fio. 159. Various Forms of Pruning-Knives. 



The pruning-saw (Figs. 160 and 161) is needed in taking ofl 

 larger limbs; attached to a handle several feet long, it will 

 reach those at a distacne from the ground. 



The draw-saw (Fig. 162) has the direction of the teeth the 



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