NUTS. 459 



simply as the walnut, while in the United States it is com- 

 monly called English walnut or Madeira-nut. The varieties 

 which have been introduced, chiefly from France, are quite 

 numerous. They have all been the product of selected seed- 

 lings or careful hybridizing. Recently Eastern Asia and 

 Japan have added to the number, and the illustrations here 

 given show that the grower has quite a scope for his taste and 

 fancy. 



The trees will endure a considerable degree of cold, but 

 from experience over the greater part of the United States it 

 has been noted that it does not succeed in the Middle States, 

 nor. westward to the Rocky Mountains. They are hardy near 

 the coast line as far north as latitude 40, and do well southward 

 as far as Northern Georgia. It is sometimes the case that the 

 trees flourish but produce no fruit, or the nuts contain no ker- 

 nels. The consensus of opinion among those who have prop- 

 agated this nut appears to be that it really succeeds as a crop- 

 producer in comparatively few places in the United States 

 east cf California. 



In England and on the Continent the trees are said to be 

 practically free from diseases. In the United States a mi- 

 nute worm (Anguillulai), which infests the soil, particularly of 

 the Gulf States, gets into the young roots and causes the root- 

 knit which is such a destructive pest in these States. 



Propagation. All of the walnuts may be readily raised 

 from seed. The nuts should be kept through the winter, and 

 planted in the early spring as directed on page 437. In good 

 soil and under favorable conditions they will sprout and grow 

 two to three feet high the first season. The care of the seed- 

 lings is the same as stated in the general directions at the 

 beginning of this chapter. As a rule, no pruning is required 

 by these trees; they usually begin to bear at ten to fifteen 

 years. The Japanese varieties are said to produce nuts at a 

 much earlier age, say five to six years, and grafted trees at 

 three to five years. 



VARIETIES. 



So few of the different named varieties of walnuts can be 

 had from nurserymen that the following brief descriptions and 

 illustrations are given, chiefly as matters of interest in this con- 



