Fig. 7. Ruffed grouse (B. u. umbellus). Reproduction of a photograph from life by Professor C. F. Hodge. 



The type species, B. umbellus umbellus or 

 the ruffed grouse, ranges over the eastern 

 United States from southern New York 

 westward through Michigan and Minnesota. 

 On the Atlantic side, from southern Vermont 

 to northern Georgia, including Virginia; 

 thence westward, we find it in eastern 

 Kansas, northern Arkansas and Tennessee. 

 Throughout the New England part of its 

 range, it is very generally known as the 

 "Partridge," while in the middle and southern 

 states, it is everywhere called the "Pheasant." 

 It has some nine or ten vernacular names, 

 which are not worth our while to record. 

 Much confusion would be avoided if the 

 birds could be called "Ruffed grouse" every- 

 where, simply stating, as occasion required, 

 whether the Canada, the Gray, or the 

 Oregon ruffed grouse was in question. 



In Figure 7 of this Part, we have a repro- 

 duction of a photograph of the ruffed grouse 

 (B. u. umbellus), taken from life by Professor 

 C. F. Hodge of Clark College, Worcester, 

 Massachusetts, who presented it to me. 

 The bird is seen to be "strutting," and it 

 doubtless formed the model for Fuertes' 

 colored figure in Eaton's "Birds of New 

 York." (Plate 41). 



Figure 8 is another of Professor Hodge's 

 photographs reproduced; it is probably the 



same bird (male) "day-dreaming" on a log, 

 and it is an interesting picture. 



Figure 9 gives the skins of various speci- 

 mens of ruffed grouse, a cut I obtained by 

 photography from an illustration in Eaton's 

 "Birds of New York," (p. 372). It will be 

 seen that these four grouse skins were taken 

 as they rested on a plane surface on their 

 backs. They are of "Bonasa umbellus from 

 New York State, showing graduation from 

 B. u. umbellus on the right (Bergen, Genessee 

 County), to B. u. togata on the left (Upper Au- 

 sable Lake) . The intermediates are from Sara- 

 toga County and southern Ontario County." 

 (Compare also with Fig. 2 of Part I). These 

 birds produce their "drumming" by rapidly 

 whirring their wings, neither of the latter coming 

 in contact with anything. Most of the ruffed 

 grouse I have shot were met with in New 

 England (Conn.) and were B. umbellus, 

 wherein the upper parts are variegated with 

 grayish or reddish brown, which, on the 

 back, is spotted all over with pale, oblong, 

 black-edged spots. The under parts are 

 more or less white and transversely barred 

 with pale brown. The brown or gray tail is 

 tipped with the latter color, and is otherwise 

 marked with many transverse, narrow, black 

 bars, the sub-terminal broad one being also 

 black. At the neck, the "ruffs" are either 



