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animal is urged onward to the point of falling. The person 

 who may occupy the saddle becomes conscious of a strange 

 and loud noise coming from tne body which he bestrides. 

 It appears to the equestrian as though some demon were 

 located within the carcase and was violently striking the 

 sides. Should the indication be observed the noise will be 

 found to proceed from behind or immediately under the 

 rider. This noise is produced by a spasm of the diaphragm. 

 The horse must, as the word overmarked seems to imply, 

 have been pushed far beyond the point where man should 

 have pulled the reins a little distance further back. After 

 the symptoms are developed they will bring the animal to 

 the ground. Stop him immediately. The rider should dis- 

 mount. The loins should be covered with the rider's coat, 

 if nothing better be at hand. The rider who has caused 

 the misery is bound to make any sacrifice for its alleviation. 

 The girths should be loosened, the bridle removed, and, 

 when time has passed for the system to become slightly 

 tranquilized, the animal should be led gently to the nearest 

 shelter. So soon as it is under cover the following drink 

 should be administered, but time should be taken to give 

 the medicine, as the condition of the horse forbids all 

 haste : 



Sulphuric ether, 2 ounces. 



Tincture of camphor, y 2 ounce. 



Opium (tincture), i ounce. 



Cold water or gruel, i pint. 



This should be repeated every quarter of an hour till 

 four drinks are swallowed. Then the intervals should be 

 lengthened to half an hour, and as the symptoms decrease 

 the medicine ought to be administered at still longer peri- 

 ods, and ultimately but gradually withdrawn. There are, 

 however, other things to be done. When the animal is first 

 brought in get two assistants ; give two leg bandages to 

 each of the helpers, together with a sponge and a basin of 

 cold water. The four legs should be bandaged and the 

 mouth sponged out, also nose, eyes and anas. The horse 

 should not be excited in the least and the work should be 

 performed very quietly. This done, if the ears are cold 

 they should be pulled and the head rubbed slightly, in order 

 to bring up circulation. Clothing should be put on hood 



