48 AMERICAN VINES. 



The cultivated forms, derived from the wild types of V. 

 Labrusca, are numerous; we will mention amongst them 

 the Concord and seedlings resulting from it: Early Victor, 

 Martha, Moore's Early, Niagara, Pocklington, Black Hawk, 

 Cottage, Lady, Mason Seedling, and the Isabella, the 

 American vine first introduced into France and its seedlings : 

 Prentiss, Israella, Eureka, Union Village, and again Hart- 

 ford Prolific, and Ives Seedling, which is a seedling of the 

 latter, Belvidere, Alexander, Arrot, Maxatawney, North 

 Carolina, Northern Muscadine, Perkins, Rebecca, Rentz, 

 Telegraph, Venango, Vergeness, etc. 



The botanical and cultural characters of the V. Labrusca 

 are generally transmitted, in a very accentuated form, to the 

 cepages derived from it. They all have very large fruit, 

 with fleshy pulp, strong foxy taste; their resistance to 

 phylloxera is very inferior, similar to that of the wild types 

 of this species. We shall study their power of adaptation, 

 but on account of the few essential defects above mentioned 

 the numerous cepages derived from seeds of V. Labrusca 

 and those which could be derived later on are of no value 

 whatever for European vineyards. 



(c) Adaptation and Culture. The V. Labrusca, and its 

 diverse varieties are the most sensitive to phylloxera of all 

 the species of American vines; its resistance may be 

 expressed by 5, the maximum resistance or absolute 

 immunity being 20. However, when the soils are not too 

 calcareous and the conditions very favorable to the 

 development of this species, its resistance is sufficient to 

 allow it to retain its vigour, especially in cold regions where 

 the insect has less action. The hotter and drier a climate is, 

 and the stronger the development of the phylloxera, the more 

 difficult adaptation becomes. These facts are corroborated 

 by what takes place in America as well as France, and are 

 another proof of what we stated in the first part of this 

 work. 



The V. Labrusca grows more particularly in the cold 

 regions of North America. It is rare in the south-east of 

 Canada, and only begins to grow freely in the forests of New 

 England, but it is more abundant, both in its wild and culti- 

 vated state, in the eastern states bordering the Atlantic. 



The V. Labrusca not only requires a very special soil to 

 be vigorous, but even requires it to live at all, and more so 

 when cultivated in warm regions such as Virginia, Missouri, 



