CEPAGES 6l 



Wild forms rarely grow in very dry soils, they have never 

 been observed in swampy low lands. They predominate in 

 soils of old formation (granitic, Silurian, Devonian, Cam- 

 brian, carboniferous). They are generally pebbly soils, 

 strongly red-coloured siliceous; sometimes very red siliceous 

 sands, and very moist This species is very much affected 

 by limestone ; it is one of the most sensitive species to chalky 

 limestone and white marl. 



V. ^Estivalis in its pure form is of no value for reconsti- 

 tution; the types multiplied in France have grown (not 

 vigorously) in red siliceous Alpine diluvium. Its pure forms 

 have a fairly great resistance to phylloxera, which may be 

 designated by the number 16. 



V. BERLANDIERI. 



(a) Description (General Characters}. Stump vigorous, 

 of creeping habit, trunk medium; wood of the year 

 dull, with a few patches of woolly hair on the summits of the 

 young shoots, of a cinnamon-brown grey colour, with seven very 

 distinct ribs; tendrils discontinuous. Leaves, young; shining 

 brownish green; adult; medium, rounded pentagonal shape, 

 nearly entire; petiolar sinus deep, with convergent lobes; 

 scarcely indented; limb thick, wide honeycomb structure, 

 folded along the mid-rib inwards, margins sometimes curved 

 inwards; upper-face dark-green . and shining; under-face 

 lighter green, often shining, with prominent veins covered 

 with short hair. Bunch medium, compact; berries small, 

 very firm, spherical; skin black, covered 

 with bloom. Seeds (Fig. 20) medium, squat; 

 beak short and strong; chalaze rounded, 

 slightly prominent, tapering to a scarcely 

 protuberant raphe. Roots running, rather Fig. 20. Seed of 

 strong, thick and fleshy. 



(6) Varieties. The variations of forms of V. Berlandieri 

 are very numerous, even more numerous than in the cases 

 of V. Rupestris and V. Riparia. Between them there exists 

 considerable differences, especially from the point of view of 

 their vigour and adaptation, and, consequently their cultural 

 value, the only consideration which must be taken into 

 account. These variations are the result of diverse natural 

 phenomena, especially of their dissemination in very varied 

 surroundings, and the natural selection which fixed their 

 characters under these conditions. There are other variations 



